566 
ARTICULATA. 
other shrubs. The larvae are of a slate color, with yellow tubercles and spots, and furnished with 
six well-developed legs. They attach themselves by the tail before changing to the pupa state. 
The colors of the perfect insects run from red or yellow, with or without black spots, to black, 
with or without red or yellow spots ; and as all this variety of color may occur in individuals 
of the same kind, the determination of the species in this group is excessively ditBcult. When 
touched or disturbed, the lady-birds draw their legs close up to the body, emitting at the same 
time a yellow and somewhat acrid fluid, which, according to some writers, is a specific for the 
toothache. These beautiful creatures are useful to the gardener and farmer, by devouring many 
of the aphides which infest trees and plants. 
ORDER 2. STREFSIPTERA. 
This name is from the Greek strcpsis, a turning, and ptera, wings, and is applied to a small 
order of minute insects which are parasitic in the interior of numerous species of bees and wasps. 
The males have a single pair of large, membraneous, folded wings ; the females appear hke soft 
maggots, furnished with a horny head, which they protrude between the segments of the bee in 
which they are parasitic, the remainder of the body remaining concealed. The female never 
quits the body of the bee; the larvse are hatched within the 
body of their mother, from which they escape into the open 
air. In their earliest state they are active, little, six-footed 
creatures. They attach themselves to the bodies of bees and 
wasps, by which they are conveyed into their nest. Here 
they bury themselves in the body of the bee or wasp larva, 
and become converted into soft, maggot-like grubs, which 
continue to feed upon the substance of their victim until the 
latter arrives at its perfect state. The only further change 
which the female undergoes consists in the hardening of the 
head and the development of the generative organs. The 
male, however, becomes converted into a pupa within the 
skin of the larva, the head of which also becomes horny, 
and protrudes like that of the female from between the rings 
of the bee. "When the male is ready to emerge, this horny 
piece is thrown off like a lid, and the perfect insect quits his 
During their existence in this state, 
S'^^S''femllfTa-niL''r^^^''^'^'''^'"^^^^ ^^'^^ich is probably very short, the males are very active, fly- 
ing about in the sunshine Avith a buzzing noise. The an- 
tonufE often exhibit very singular forms, being sometimes forked or branched, and sometimes 
pectinated. The eyes are generally very prominent ; they consist of but few facets, and these 
are separated from each other by raised partitions, which give a curious cellular appearance to 
their surface. An example of this order is furnished in the European species, Stylops Dalii. 
THE STYLOPS DALII. 
A, male, natural size ; B, the same, mag' 
nified ; C, Bee, with head of female ; a, Sty- former residence 
ORDER 3. HYMEMOPTERA. 
This name is derived from the Greek hymen, a membrane, and ptera, wings, and is descriptive 
of one characteristic of the order, from which these have been called Memhraneous-ioinged In- 
sects. It includes a vast number of famihar but interesting species, probably including one- 
fourth of the entire insect world. Their wings, when present, are four in number, naked, trans- 
parent, and of a membraneous texture. The mouth is always furnished with a pair of strong 
mandibles, and in most cases with maxillae and other organs of the usual form. The eyes are 
generaUy large, and the ocelli usually three in number. The body, the three great divisions of 
which are usuaUy very distinct, is covered with scaly armor. These insects are distinguished 
by an ovipositor in the female, which not only serves for placing the eggs, but in some species, 
as the bees, wasps, hornets, &c., constitutes a most formidable offensive weapon. The larvae of 
most species are footless grubs ; the pupge are generally quiescent, being completely enveloped 
