580 
ARTICTJLATA. 
The Lime-tree Span-Worm, Hihernia tiliaria, is common in early summer on our elms, 
poplars, limes, and other ornamental trees, and is often very destructive. 
THE PYRALIDINA. 
In these the wings are triangular and elongated ; the legs very short. The caterpillars live on 
leaves ; those of the Pyralis vitis are very destructive to grape-vines, and also to orchards ; the 
P. farinalis lives upon meal, and the Aglossa pinguinalis on butter, grease, and similar substances, 
THE TORTRICINA. 
The larvae of this tribe possess sixteen feet, and live on the leaves of trees and plants, vfhich 
they roll up in a sort of tube, Avithin which they feed and undergo their metamorphosis. Hence 
they are called Leaf-Rollers. They are often injurious to orchards. 
THE TINEIjSTA. 
This tribe includes a multitude of minute insects, often of elegant forms and beautiful colors. 
They inhabit the most various situations ; most of them either shelter themselves within the 
substance upon which they are feeding, or form themselves little cases, which they carry about 
with them. The majority feed upon green vegetable matter ; many of these mine in the leaves 
and stems of plants, while others live u]3on the surface in small cases neatly made of a little piece 
of leaf. The most destructive species are those which live upon dry animal and vegetable mat- 
ter, among which the well-known Cloth or Carpet Moths, Tinea tapetzella, and the Corn- 
Moth, T. granella, which attacks corn in granaries, are the most noted. Two species of Galleria 
live in bee-hives, to which they often do great damage. 
ORDER 5. DIPTERA. 
This, as the name imports, embraces the Two-imnged Flies, and includes a larger number of 
species than any other order of insects. 
In these the head is generally of con- 
siderable size, and is furnished with a 
pair of large, compressed eyes, which 
occupy nearly its whole surface. The 
legs are well developed, the tarsi com- 
posed of five joints, terminated by a 
pair of claws ; the abdominal rings are 
distinct. 
The larva3 of the Diptera are foot- 
less grubs or maggots, sometimes des- 
titute of a distinct head; in some 
cases, on reaching maturity they cast 
their skins, and are changed to free, 
quiescent pupas ; while in many spe- 
cies this transformation takes place 
within the skin of the larva, which 
then hardens and forms a case for the 
sleeping infant. Tliis vast order is di^dded and subdivided into numerous tribes and families ; 
we shall only attempt to notice a few of the most conspicuous species. 
THE CULICID^. 
In the family of the CuUcidce, or Gnats, which include several pre-eminently bloodthirsty spe- 
cies, the proboscis is especially suited for their work of torment. It is often half the length 
of the insect, slender, sUghtly thickened at the tip, and incloses six long, sharp bristles. These 
insects, their curious dances, and the very disagreeable effects of their bite, must be well known 
FLIES. 
