584 
ARTICULATA. 
whicii the 'water, necessary for tlie respiration of the pupa, can easily pass. The pupa is furnished 
with a pair of hooked jaws, by means of which, when about to assume the perfect state, it bites 
through the grating of its prison, and thus sets itself free in the water. In this form the pupa? of 
some species swim freely through the water by means of their long hind-legs, also creeping upon 
the other four limbs; they frequently rise to the surface of the water, and there undergo their 
final change, using their deserted skin as a sort of raft from which to rise into the air, while 
others generally creep up the stems of aquatic plants for the same purpose. 
The perfect insects have four wings, with branched nervures, of which the anterior pair are 
clothed with hairs ; the posterior pair are folded in repose. The head is furnished with a pair of 
large eyes, and with three ocelli, and the antennse are generally very long. The females have 
been observed to descend to the depth of a foot or more in water, in order to deposit their eggs. 
The P. striata is over an inch long, of a fawn-color, with the exception of the eyes, which are 
black. 
Many species of Phryganeidse are found in Europe, and also in America. The larvae are well 
known to anglers under the names of 
Caddice- Worms and Straw- Worms. They 
are said to be excellent fish-baits. 
THE PANORPIDiE. 
This includes the Scorpion-Fly, Pa- 
nori^a communis., a small-sized insect com- 
monly found about hedges in damp situa- 
ations. In England they are called Snake- 
Flies. 
THE MYRMELEONTID^. 
These insects, called Ant-Lions, in- 
clude several genera, which pass their lives 
chiefly in the air when in the perfect state, 
In some species the larvee, which are 
small, sluggish, oval-shaped creatures, and 
furnished with a formidable pair of jaws, 
THE ANT-LION AND ITS LAEVA. cxcavato couical pits in the sandy places 
which they inhabit, at the bottom of 
which t^ey conceal themselves entirely, with the exception of the head and jaws. Here they 
