REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39 
Such studies tend to a broader appreciation of racial character and 
have special value when we reflect how rapidly the Indian population 
is merging into American life. The excavation and repair of pre- 
historic monuments in our Southwest is enlarging our knowledge of 
history as well as attracting more and more tourists and replacing 
threadbare prejudices with saner ideas of Indian possibilities in many 
lines. 
The logical results of the events of the last years appear in the calls 
for information made on the staff for accurate knowledge of other 
races besides the American Indian. It needs no prophet to predict 
that the future will demand an extension of the bureau work to other 
races. The calls for ethnological information on the Indian during 
the past year have been many and varied and considerable time of 
the ethnologists has been taken up in answering the many requests of 
this nature that are made. The chief has given much time to admin- 
istration and routine work. 
In addition to administrative duties the chief has been able to 
devote considerable time to research work in the field and has pre- 
pared for publication several scientific articles, the largest of which 
will soon be published as Bulletin No. 70. These field researches are 
in accordance with the above-mentioned act of Congress, which in- 
cludes the excavation and preservation of archeological remains. 
In September he took the field, continuing his explorations of the 
castles and towers of the McElmo and tributary canyons in south- 
western Colorado, extending his studies westward into southeastern 
Utah as far as Montezuma Canyon. The object was to determine 
the western horizon of the area of the pure type of pueblos and cliff 
dwellings, and to investigate the remains of antecedent peoples from 
which it sprung in order to obtain data bearing on the question of 
the origin of the San Juan drainage culture. The country traveled 
through is especially rich in prehistoric towers and castellated build- 
ings, but contains also many clusters of mounds formed by fallen 
walls of large communal buildings, many of which were wholly or 
partially unknown to science. The work was largely a reconnoissance 
and no extensive excavations or repair work was attempted. Special 
attention was paid to the structure and probable use of towers which 
are combined with cliff houses like Cliff Palace, or great villages like 
those of the Mummy Lake and upper San Juan and its tributaries. 
Among the most significant new towers discovered were two found 
in McLean Basin, near the old Bluff City trail not far from the State 
line of Utah and Colorado. The McLean Basin ruin has a rec- 
tangular shape, with a round tower on one corner and one of semi- 
circular form on the diagonally opposite angle, each 15 feet high. 
The building on which these towers stand must have presented a 
very exceptional appearance in prehistoric times before its walls 
