KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 47 
on ruins reconnoitered in 1918. Dr. Hough was aided in his field work 
by Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Jacques, of Lakeside, by whom his work was 
much facilitated. Field work was especially devoted to the ruins 
called by the Apaches Nustegge Toega, " Grasshopper Spring," and 
clusters of sites in the near vicinity which form a very large group, 
indicating extensive intermingling of cultures. The main cluster 
stands in the open green valley and consists of two great heaps of 
stones covered with squaw bush, walnut, juniper, and pine, with occa- 
sional fragments of projecting walls, evidences of two large compact 
pueblos separated by Salt Kiver draw. The west village (four or 
five stories high) has a court near the south end, 90 by 140 feet, con- 
nected with a small plaza, and covers more than an acre. The east 
village is more than half an acre in area. North of the west village 
is a plaza 300 feet long, flanked in part on the west by an isolated 
clan house of 18 rooms. The six ruins in the cluster that may be 
regarded as clan houses differ in size and arrangement of rooms and 
in general show considerable skill in construction. A third form of 
building west of the large village is indicated by large rectangular 
areas outlined with building stones scattered over the level ground. 
The foundations are of four or five courses, but never were buried 
more than 18 inches, indicating that they did not support a heavy 
superstructure. Two lenticular rubbish heaps, measuring 60 by 72 
feet and 4 feet high, lie on the meadow 100 yards south of the walls 
of the large village. A feature of Pueblo masonry discovered here 
was retaining walls of quite large stone set on bedrock, apparently 
intended to counter lateral thrust of heavy walls. Several rooms 
were cleared out by Apache laborers under Dr. Hough's direction 
and many artifacts and some human skeletal material were ob- 
tained. 
Mr. Neil M. Judd, curator of American archeology, prosecuted 
archeological field work in certain caves in Cottonwood Canyon 
which he had visited in 1915. He successfully investigated five pre- 
historic ruins in Cottonwood Canyon caves during the two weeks in 
which work was possible. Walls of houses were found to be built 
entirely of adobe, as well as the customary structures made of stone 
bound with clay mortar. Associated with these dwellings were rooms 
of still another type — ^houses whose walls consisted of vertical posts 
set at intervals and joined by masses of adobe. It will be noted that 
all three types closely resemble those structures exposed during the 
excavation of mounds in central Utah and previously reported.^ 
The dwellings in " Kiva Cave " form the best preserved clitf village 
yet visited by Mr. Judd north and west of the Rio Colorado. Two 
of the four houses visited are practically intact; the ceremonial 
iSmithsoniaa Misc. Coll., vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 64-09; No. 17, pp. 103-108; vol. 68, No. 
12, p. 83. 
