BEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 49 
recorded on the phonograph the numerons songs sung at the three 
first gatherings. This material, with musical transcription tabulated 
and descriptive analyses, has been purchased b}^ the bureau. 
Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of phj^sical anthropology, was detailed 
to make an examination of the archeological remains of southwest- 
ern Florida, especially of the shell heaps along the coast south of 
Key Marco, a region very little explored by archeologists and one of 
the least known sections of that State. In spite of difficulties, Dr. 
Hrdlicka's field work was successful. He visited several groups of 
shell heaps of large size as yet unrecorded and opened up a most in- 
structive field for future exploration in a report which has been 
presented for publication. He also made highly important observa- 
tions on physical features of the remnants of Indians that still in- 
habit the little knoAvn regions of Florida. 
Mr. David I. Bushnell, jr., continued the preparation of manuscript 
for the Handbook of Aboriginal Remains East of the Mississippi, 
adding various notes to the manuscript. He likewise added about 30 
pages to the manuscript entitled " Native Villages and Village Sites 
East of the Mississippi," now being printed as Bulletin 69. During 
the same period he completed a manuscript bearing the title " Native 
Cemeteries and Forms of Burial East of the Mississippi," which is 
to appear as Bulletin 71 of the bureau series. 
With an allotment from the bureau Mr. Gerard Fowke has been 
engaged in special archeological investigations in the Ozark region 
of central Missouri. His careful detailed studies have been confined 
to the numerous caves in that region. 
If " cave men," using this term to designate the predecessors of any 
race or tribe known to history, ever existed in the Mississippi Valley, 
we would find in no part of it natural features better adapted for his 
requirements than the Ozark Hills, but so far not the slightest trace 
of his presence has been revealed. Products of human industry have 
been reported as occurring under other conditions at great depths, 
even at the bottom of the loess, though in all such cases there is some 
uncertainty as to the correctness of the observations. On the con- 
trar}^, whatever may be the depth of the deposit containing them, the 
artificial objects exhumed are uniform in character from top to bot- 
tom. The specimens found on the clay or solid rock floor are of the 
same class as those barely covered by the surface earth. Moreover, 
when they cease to appear they cease absolutely. 
By careful search in the caves and rock shelters of which the In- 
dian known to history availed himself extensive and interesting 
museum collections can be made. To find an earlier man it will be 
necessary to investigate caverns which he found suitable for occu- 
pancy and in which the accumulation of detritus, from whatever 
source, has been sufficient to cover his remains so deeply that they 
