6 ANNUAL, REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 
In addition to the above, there was included under the general 
appropriation for printing and binding an allotment of $76,200, to 
cover the cost of printing and binding the Smithsonian annual re- 
port and reports and miscellaneous printing for the Government 
branches of the Institution. 
RESEARCHES AND EXPLORATIONS. 
The institution every year sends out or cooperates in expeditions 
to various parts of the world for the purpose of gathering all the 
information possible on the inhabitants, the fauna and flora, and 
other features of little-known regions, and thus carries out one of its 
primary objects — " the increase of knowledge." While the war con- 
ditions prevailing during the first half of the year blocked certain 
projects, several expeditions of importance to science were under- 
taken, and a few of these are briefly summarized here. The annual 
Exploration Pamphlet issued by the institution and the reports of 
the various branches describe these and other researches more in 
detail. 
GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES. 
The geological explorations which have been conducted in the 
Canadian Rockies by your secretary for a number of years were con- 
tinued during the summer season of 1918, chiefly for the purpose of 
determining the geological structure of the upper Bow Valley north 
of Lake Louise, Alberta, and also at the headwaters of the Cascade 
River, at Sawback Lake. Another aim of the investigation was to 
locate any possible occurrences of unusual beds of fossils in the 
regions visited. 
Leaving the Canadian Pacific Railway at Lake Louise Station, the 
Bow Valley extends to the northwest parallel to the Continental 
Divide, which forms its southwestern side. Bow Lake at the head 
of the valley is a beautiful sheet of water hemmed in by bald moun- 
tain slopes and cliffs on the west and north and by the mass of Mount 
Molar on the east. From the west numerous glaciers drain into the 
lake. The first one encountered is Crowfoot, which flows from the 
great Wauputek snow field along the Continental Divide. 
Bow Pass, 4 miles north of the head of Bow Lake, has been eroded 
by glacial action into a broad, park-like area, so that the passage 
over into the valley of the Mistaya River of the Saskatchewan River 
drainage is scarcely realized until steep slopes indicate the approach 
toward Lake Peyto. This beautiful lake, with a glacier at its head, 
drains into the Mistaya River. The bold escarpment on the north 
side of the lake is continued to the north down the Mistaya River to 
the Saskatchewan. Several sections were examined along this front, 
