CZECHOSLOVAK PEOPLE — InIATTEGKA. 473 
amphittieater surrounded on all sides by mountains, Moravia, Slovakia, and 
Subearpatliiau P.ussia, well protected by mountains in the north, are relatively 
open toward the south; but the Avesteru part of Slovakia is protected on this 
side by the Danube. 
The territories are rich in natural resources, and Bohemia with Moravia are 
highly developed, developed in fact to the limit, agriculturally. Northern 
Slovakia and northeastern Russinia abound in forests. Of the population of 
Bohemia 41 per cent are industrial, 32 per cent agricultural; in Moravia con- 
ditions are about reversed. The Slovaks and Russinians are essentially agri- 
cultural and pastoral (61 per cent agricultural, 20 per cent industrial). 
A. HkdlkI'KA. 
ANTIQUITY OP MAN IN THE CZECHOSLOVAK TERRITORIES. 
OLDER CULTtmES OF CENTRAL BOHEMIA. 
Various finds in the Czechoslovak territories relating to man's 
antiquity show that man existed in these countries already during 
the c[iluvial epoch, contemporaneously with the formation of the 
deposits of yellow brick clays and certain gravels and while the 
fauna still included the mammoth, the rhinoceros, the elk, the rein- 
deer, the wild horse, the cave bear, and the cave hyena. The climate 
at that time was colder than at present, the period corresponding to 
the latest ice invasion, when most of northern Europe was covered 
with glaciers. The mountains surrounding Bohemia were then also 
covered with ice and snow, but in the foothills and in the ice free 
interior there were "stations" of diluvial man. 
The most ]3recious discoveries of remains of man from this period 
have been made in Moravia, in the vicinity of Brno (Briin), in caves 
near Stramberk,^ and especially at Pfedmost, where Professors Ki'iz 
and Maska made extensive excavations and important collections. 
Bohemia itself has given us so far the diluvial remains of Podbaba 
(a skull, etc.) and of a number of other localities. The finds include 
the bones of extinct mammals and many paleolithic implements. The 
art of polishing stone or of making pottery was as yet unknown. But 
finds in Bohemia itself have been thus far all sliglitly more recent 
than those of Moravia, dating from the period of recession of the 
last ice invasion. In Moravia, on the other hand, we have remnants 
not merely from the period of the last ice invasion itself, but also 
older, such for example as the Sipka lower jaw, and others. 
An interesting feature of cranial remains from the more recent 
periods is that some of them retain more or less the characteristics 
of the older diluvial (Neanderthal) forms, such as pronounced 
supra-orbital ridges and sloping forehead, justifying the opinion 
^ Note. — Pronunciation of Czech letters : <5 C=as ch in child or cherry ; § §=as sh in 
shoe or sherry ; 2 Z==a3 j in French jolie ; f U=difficult sound, approached by combination 
of rz or rzh. 
