482 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 
and finally the dead were buried in simple quadrilateral wooden coffins. 
For a long time, however, the old customs were still manifested by 
the inclusion in the grave of clay or wooden vessels, evidently con- 
tainers of food and drink for the last journey of the departed. In 
addition there is found, especially in female and children's graves, 
considerable jewelry, and eventually also Bohemian silver coins 
(tenth to twelfth century). 
The reverence toward older burials of other peoples, the care 
shown in the burials of children and babies, the latter of whom 
frequently accompany the mother's body, and other signs are wit- 
nesses of the gentleness and advanced status of the people of this 
period. 
The skeletons of this time show relatively high stature. The skulls, 
though already historically identified as Slavonic, are still in the 
majority of cases dolichocephalic or but mesocephalic, and only as 
we advance toward our period the proportion of short-headedness 
shows a material increase. In general the skeletal remains indicate 
that the Czech population of that time arose by the mixture of 
the more recently arrived with the remnants of the older peoples 
that occupied the territory. Then the Slav remains become suddenlj^ 
so numerous and widespread that we are evidently confronted by 
recent new additions of Slavic tribes, among whom in all probability 
was also the tribe of " Czechs " from whom was derived the present 
name of the people as well as the country, " Cechy." The latest 
influx of Slavic tribes is placed by the historians into the fifth cen- 
tury and is still alive in Czech traditions, in which the name 
" Cech " is represented as that of the " father " or chief of the 
tribe at the time of their advent into the more central part of Bo- 
hemia, which has ever since remained their seat of occupation. 
THE PEOPLE OF MORAVIA, SILESIA, AND SLOVAKIA. 
In the preceding paragraphs attention has been centered on Bo- 
hemia. In the remaining territories of the present Czechoslovak 
territories ethnic developments proceeded in much the same manner. 
There is a lack of the mound culture in Moravia and Slovakia, and 
hence of the first Keltic invasion, but the La Tene culture, repre- 
senting the second Keltic stream, is partly represented. Merovingian 
graves are even scarcer in Moravia than in Bohemia and are limited 
to a small district in the south. 
Silesia, although well peopled already in the neolithic period, is 
especially characterized by its urn field burials, hence by Slav 
population. 
From Slovakia we have finds from the earlier neolithic, and from 
the late neolithic transitional period ; eventually the whole territory 
