DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF SHORE FISHES. 
INTRODUCTION. 
In the following' pages we have attempted to present with sufficient completeness 
and detail a statement of our present knowledge of the fish-fauna of t lie Hawaiian 
Islands. Iveys and descriptions are given by means of which all the species of shore 
fishes known from the islands may be identified. All the species of deep-water fishes 
are described by Dr. Charles II. Gilbert in Section II of this volume. As some fam¬ 
ilies contain both shore and deep-water species, all the families are described in the 
present part. The keys for the identification of the species are necessarily to some 
extent artificial, but characters of real taxomomie significance are made use of in 
most instances. The keys are dichotomously arranged, that is, if the statements 
under a given letter do not apply to the specimen in hand, those under the multiple 
or double of that letter will be true. 
The synonymy given includes all Hawaiian references which we have been able 
to find and references to all other faunal works of importance mentioning Hawaiian 
species. The type locality is given as a part of each original reference and is printed 
in heavy-faced type. All locality references not type localities are printed in ordinary 
type and inclosed in parentheses. 
The name of the authority for the specific name, in accordance with the rule of 
the American Ornithologists’ Union, is not preceded by a comma, but the name of an 
author quoting a scientific name is separated from the specific name by a comma. In 
sequence and arrangement of species we follow with some modifications our Fishes 
of North and Middle America. The common or local Hawaiian names which we 
have been able to identify with particular species are printed in italics and inclosed 
in quotation marks. For the verification of the spelling of these names we are 
indebted to the kindly interest and assistance of Mr. W. E. Salford, of the Bureau of 
Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. But few English names of fishes 
have, as yet, come into use in Hawaii, and they are practically limited to species of 
wide distribution. 
Special attention is called to the illustrations in this volume. The colored 
paintings, representing 73 species, were made by Mr. Albertus II. Baldwin (51), Capt. 
Charles Bradford Hudson (12), and Mr. Kako Morita (10). Messrs. Baldwin and 
Hudson painted from life, the specimen in each case having been placed alive in a 
specially constructed aquarium and the work completed before the colors materially 
changed. Those by Mr. Baldwin were done in water colors, those by Capt. Hudson 
in oil. The paintings by Mr. Morita are from life color sketches made by Dr. Jordan 
at Samoa or by Mr. Walter K. Fisher at Laysan Island in 1902. The black and white 
drawings were made by Messrs. Baldwin, Hudson, William Sacketon Atkinson, 
Robert Logan Hudson, and Sekko Shimada, and Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks. About 
50 of the text figures are from photographs of illustrations which have appeared in 
previous publications, chiefly in Gunther’s Fische dor Siidsee or in Steindachner’s 
Fische aus dem Stillen Ocean. For the map of the Hawaiian Islands accompanying 
this report we are indebted to the General Land Office, Department of the Interior. 
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