40 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
7. Carcharias insularum Snyder. Plate 3, fig. 1. 
Head, measured to last gill-opening, 3.1 in length (tip of snout to caudal pit); depth at front of 
pectorals 6.1; at front of ventrals 6.7; snout 3 in head; interorbital width 2; pectoral 4 in length; 
upper lobe of caudal 2.7. 
Mouth semicircular, its width equal to distance between tip of snout and posterior border of eye, 
distance between edge of mouth and tip of snout 1.7 times width of mouth, or a little more than 
distance between nostrils; upper teeth serrated from base to tips, the lower ones smooth on base, 
upper parts weakly serrated; teeth of upper jaw a little broader at base than they are high, the cutting 
edges of median ones straight; lateral teeth with edges slightly concave, concavity of outer edges 
deepening somewhat as they approach corners of mouth; teeth not pointing outward in either jaw, 
those of lower jaw much more slender than those above, the bases somewhat wider than height of 
teeth; cutting edges concave; 30 rows on each jaw, teeth of the 2 median rows minute or absent. 
Tip of pectoral fin acutely rounded; first dorsal broadly rounded; second dorsal slightly smaller than 
anal; caudal very large, underside of upper lobe with a deep notch; free edges of dorsals, pectorals, 
and ventrals concave; claspers of male 1.5 times as long as ventral fin is high. 
In life, bluish slate-color, somewhat lighter below; first dorsal broadly tipped with lighter color; 
second dorsal, pectorals, ventrals, and caudal with slightly darker tips. In alcohol the fins and upper 
parts of the body are rather indistinctly spotted with a darker shade than that of body; spots of body 
somewhat larger than eye, the spaces between them somewhat wider than diameter of spots; spots on 
fins smaller and more closely crowded. 
The following measurements were taken before the specimen, a male, was preserved: Total 
length 213 cm.; tip of snout to dorsal 71; to eye 17.8; to first gill-opening 40.5; to pectoral 48; length 
of gill-area 10; height of first gill-slit 7.5; of second .8.2; of third 8.8; of fourth 8.2; of fifth 5.7; length 
of pectoral 39; base of pectoral 14; free edge of pectoral 37; axil of pectoral to ventral 47; anterior 
margin of ventral 14; free margin of ventral 12; base of ventral 12.7; axil of ventral to front of anal 
17.8; base of anal 9; anterior margin of anal 12.7; anal to caudal pit 8.2; base of dorsal 21; anterior 
margin of dorsal 32; free edge of dorsal 23.5; first to second dorsal 47; base of second dorsal 6.3; 
front margin of second dorsal 9; second dorsal to caudal pit 12.7; upper lobe of caudal 59.5; lower 
lobe of caudal 30; spread of caudal 61; girth at front of ventrals 66; girth at front of pectorals 78.5. 
Seven young were obtained from a large female of this species taken at station 4111, between 
Molokai and Oahu, each measuring 61 cm. in length. Color bluish; pectorals, second dorsal, anal, 
and lower caudal lobe broadly tipped with black; ventral surface of body and paired fins, except the 
terminal dark areas, yellowish; tip of first dorsal yellowish. The head measured to last gill-opening 
2.9 in length; depth at front of pectorals 5.5; depth of caudal peduncle 5.5 in head; snout 3; interorbital 
width 2.1. Curve of mouth elongate instead of circular, as in adult, its width being an eye’s diameter 
less than distance between tip of snout and anterior border of orbit. Distance between edge of mouth 
and tip of snout 1.1 times width of mouth. Height of dorsal 6.25 in length of head and body; length 
of pectoral 3.4; upper lobe of caudal 2.7. Dorsal and pectorals broadly rounded. 
This shark appears to be closely related to Carcharias lamia Itafinesque, of the Atlantic. Not 
common about the Hawaiian Islands. 
. Carcharias insularum Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1902 (Jan. 19, 1901), .11:1, pi. 1, fig. 1, off Diamond Head, Oahu Island 
(Type, No. 50859, U. S. N. M.). 
8. Carcharias nesiotes Snyder. Plate 3, fig. 2. 
Head, measured to last gill-opening, 3.1 in length (tip of snout to caudal pit); depth at front of 
pectorals 5.5; at front of ventrals 6.25; snout 3.1 in head; interorbital width 2.4; pectoral 3.7 in 
length; upper lobe of caudal 2.8. Mouth elliptical, not semicircular in shape, width equal to dis¬ 
tance from tip of snout to posterior edge of orbit; width of space between tip of snout and anterior 
edge of mouth equal to distance between outer edges of nostrils, 3.9 in head; teeth of upper jaw 
strongly serrated, those near center of jaw symmetrical in shape, the width at base equal to or a little 
greater than height; laterally the outer edges of teeth grow concave, then notched; inner edges 
becoming convex, teeth pointing away from symphysis; teeth of lower jaw narrow, with wide bases, 
their edges smooth or very slightly serrated, symmetrical in shape on both middle and lateral parts 
of jaws. Pectorals pointed at tips when depressed, reaching as far back as posterior part of first 
