44 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Oxyrhina glauca Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 69. PI. XXIX, 1841, Nagasaki (erroneously stated to be from Java); 
Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 302, 1850 (Nagasaki); DumOril, Elasmobranches, 409, 1870; after Muller A Henle. 
Lanina ylauca, Gunther, Cat., VIII, 391, 1870 (Cape Seas; St. Helena). 
Genus 10. CARCHARODON Smith. The Man-eater Sharks. 
General character of Isuropsis and Lamna, but with a different dentition, the teeth being large, 
flat, erect, regularly triangular, their edges serrated; first dorsal moderate, nearly midway between 
pectorals and ventrals; second dorsal and anal verv small; pectorals large; ventrals moderate; caudal 
'peduncle rather stout; spiracles minute or absent. Sharks of very large size; the strongest and most 
voracious of all fishes; pelagic, found in most warm seas. 
Carcharodon Andrew Smith, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), II, 37, January, 1838. (No type mentioned.) 
12. Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). “ Niuki.” 
Body stout; depth about 5.5 in total length; mouth very large; each jaw with 5 rows of large, 
24 . 
triangular, serrated teeth, those in lower jaw narrower, about in each row; first dorsal somewhat 
behind pectorals; caudal fin large and strong. Color leaden gray; tips and edges of pectorals black. 
One of the largest of sharks, reaching a length of 30 feet; found in all temperate and tropical seas, and 
occasionally taken both in the Atlantic and Pacific. One caught near Socjuel, California, was about 30 
feet long and had a young sea lion, weighing about 100 pounds, in its stomach. (Jordan and 
Evermann. ) 
-V large pair of jaws is preserved in the museum of the Imperial University at Tokyo, from a speci¬ 
men taken somewhere off the east coast of Hondo, near Misaki. This constitutes the only record of 
the species from Japan. It was not seen by us in Hawaii, but we have unquestionable information of 
its occurrence off the coast of Puna, south of Hilo, whither it was attracted by the body of a dead horse. 
There are other statements of its frequent visits to Hawaii. 
Lamia Rondelet, Hist. Poiss., 390, 1554, Nice, Marseilles; good figure. 
Squalus carcharias Lin mens, Syst Nat., Ed. X, 235, 1758, Europe; after Artedi; not of most later authors. 
Carcharias vcrus Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., Ill, 240, 1830. name on plate only. 
Carcharodon smithi Bonaparte, Selach. Tab. Anal., 9, 1838; after Smith. 
Carcharodon, rondchti Muller A Henle, Plagiostomen, 70, 1811, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean; after Rondelet. 
Carcharodon capensis Smith, Zool. S. Africa, III, pi. iv, 1842, Cape of Good Hope. 
Carcharias atwoodi Storer, Proc. Host. Soe. Nut. Hist., Ill, 1848, 72, Provincetown, Massachusetts. 
Carcharodon rondeleti, Gunther, Cat., VIII, 392,1870. 
Carcharodon carcharias, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis,875,1883; Jordan A Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 1,50, 1896. 
Order C. TECTOSPONDYLI. 
Calcareous lamellae arranged in one or more concentric series or rings about a central axis in each 
vertebra; spiracles present; anal fin wanting; dorsal fins 2, with or without spine. As here under¬ 
stood, the order Tectospondyli includes the sharks of the groups called Cyclospondi/li and Tectospondyli 
by Hasse. The vertebrae in the rays show a similar structure, and it is probably from sharks of this 
group that the rays are descended. 
Family VII. SQUALID,®.- The Dog Sharks. 
Body' more or less elongate; head depressed; eyes lateral, without nictitating membrane; mouth 
inferior, rather large, arched, a deep groove on each side; teeth compressed, variously formed; nostrils 
inferior, separate; spiracles rather large; gill-openings moderate, all in front of the pectoral fins; 
dorsal fins 2, each armed with a spine; the first dorsal in front of the ventrals; anal fin wanting; caudal 
fin with the lower lobe small or obsolete; ventral fins inserted posteriorly, not much before second 
dorsal. Oviparous. 
Genera 6 or more; species about 15. Rather small sharks, chiefly of the Atlantic. These sharks 
represent a comparatively primitive type, apparently not descended from any other existing Squall 
