60 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
free from caudal (its rays 12 to 40); no pectoral filaments; dorsal inserted about midway of body, pos¬ 
terior to ventrals; pectorals and centrals each with a large axillary scale; adipose eyelid obsolete; 
vertebras about 40 (40-42) in species examined; flesh rather pale and dry, more or less translucent; 
bones firm; pseudobranchise present; branchiostegals 9 to 14; gill rakers long and slender; gill-mem¬ 
branes separate, free from the narrow isthmus. Species about 50; small, carnivorous shore fishes, 
swimming in large schools on sandy shores of all warm seas, occasionally entering rivers. Most of 
them are marked by a broad, distinct, silvery band. 
Ftolephorus Bleeker, Ned. Tijds. Dierk., Ill, 1865, 303 ( japonicus; not of I.aeepedc, whose Stolephorux japanicut, after Hout- 
tuyn, belongs to Bleeker’s genus Spratelloiflcs). 
Anchovia Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, i 10 , 18% (October 3) (macrolcpidota). 
23. Anchovia purpurea (Fowler). “Xchu.” Fig. 12. 
Head 2.67 in length; depth 5.67; D. 13; A. 17; P. 13; V. 7; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.67; maxillary 
1.25; pectoral 1.88; ventral 2.75. 
Body elongate, compressed; head elongate, laterally compressed and pointed; snout short, 
rounded at tip; eyes lateral, anterior to center of head, greater than snout; mouth large, the long 
maxillary produced backward beyond the posterior margin of eye but falling some distance short of 
gill-opening, the pig-like snout projecting well beyond the tip of mandible; teeth in the jaws small, 
fine, extending all along the lower edge of the maxillary; nostrils close together, about midway in 
snout; interorbital space a little convex; gill-openings large, the isthmus long and narrow, forming a 
narrow keel in front; gillrakers about 18 + 28, very long, slender, pointed, the longest nearly ecjual to 
eye; gill-filaments rather shorter than the. gillrakers; pseudobranchise moderately large; intestine 
short and straight; peritoneum black; scales large, cycloid, deciduous, falling off in preserved exam¬ 
ples; pectorals with scaly flaps; origin of dorsal a little nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, and a 
little behind origin of ventral; origin of anal behind base of last dorsal ray, the first rays of fin 
encroaching but little upon tip of depressed dorsal; base of ana'l 1.67 in head; caudal deeply emargi- 
nate; pectoral short, about equal to snout and eye; ventrals a little in advance of dorsal and reaching 
a little more than half way to anal; caudal peduncle rather long, compressed, its least depth a little 
over 3 in head. 
In alcoholic specimens there is a broad silvery longitudinal band from head to base of caudal, 
rather broader posteriorly; head silvery; dorsal and caudal marked with fine narrow wavy series of 
pale brownish dots forming cross-bars. This description from an example 2.5 inches long, taken in 
the market at Honolulu. 
We have large series of this species from Honolulu and Hilo, at each of which places it is very 
abundant. Dr. Jenkins obtained a number of examples at Honolulu in 1889. It was also dredged 
by the Albatross in that vicinity in 1896, and a number of examples were obtained at Kailua, December 
31, 1899, by Mr. Richard C. McGregor. The types are 2 specimens (Nos. 23329 and 23330, Mus. 
Phila. Acad.) each about 2.4 inches long, collected by Dr. Wm. H. Jones. 
