106 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
bb. Jaws not completely closing; body color-rings wider than eye. 
d. Lower jaw with not more than 2 series of teeth on sides; body with alternating light and dark rings, 
the latter 25 in number. 
e. Upper jaw with 2 series of teeth on sides; body with reddish brown rings completely encircling 
it. zonata, p. 108 
ec. Upper jaw with 1 series of teeth on sides; body not completely encircled by the broad, dark brown 
cross-bands. zonophxa, p. 109 
dd. Lower jaw with more than 2 series of teeth on sides; body without alternating light and dark 
rings, except sometimes near the end of tail. 
/. Teeth on sides of lower jaw apparently in 3 series; color in life uniform yellowish brown; no 
reticulated dark blotches on sides. ..leihala, p. 109 
ff. Teeth on sides of lower jaw apparently in 4 series; body with from 20 to 25 more or less reticu¬ 
lated blotches on the side, sometimes solid and band-like near tail. nebulosa, p. 110 
65. Echidna zebra (Shaw). Plate 20. 
Head 5.2 in trunk; tail a little over 2 in head and trunk; eye 1.8 in snout, 2 in interorbital 
space; snout 7.3 in head; mouth, from tip of snout, 2.75. 
Body rather deep and compressed; head deep, compressed, and swollen; eye small, anterior, 
midway between tip of snout and corner of mouth; mouth large, somewhat undulate; snout projecting 
well beyond tip of mandible; lips thick and fleshy; teeth all broad, smooth, and molar-like; anterior 
nostrils in fleshy tubes, the posterior pair with their rims slightly elevated, each situated above anterior 
margin of eye; interorbital space elevated, convex, and as the upper profile of head is concave above 
the eyes the forehead rises somewhat abruptly behind; gill-openings small; skin smooth, very tough 
and thick; no lateral line; pectoral fins obsolete; dorsal beginning behind gill-opening; tail deep, 
strongly compressed posteriorly; caudal with its margin bluntly rounded. The vertical tins in our 
specimens are rather low, almost obsolete, and not nearly so well defined as shown in Bleeker’s plate. 
Color in alcohol, deep or dark brown, encircled more or less completely over the body by numerous 
narrow white cross-bars with blackish margins, which fadeaway into the brown bands between; all of 
the bands or rings are not complete, though they are very seldom forked or broken up into small bars. 
Color in life (No. 03543) dark reddish-brown, the dark stripes along or bordering each white band 
or ring darker brown than the general body color. Another specimen (No. 02994) rich, purplish 
brown throughout, crossed by about 69 pale yellowish rings, each about one-twelfth of an inch in 
width, or less than half the eye. Most of these rings are complete or nearly so, some fragmentary, others 
broken up into spots, soon fadingjnto whitish, and bounded by darker than the general color. 
The above description is based chiefly upon No. 03543, a specimen 31 inches long, obtained at 
Honolulu. The collection contains also a specimen (No. 02994) 26 inches long from the same place, 
and one (No. 03712) from Kailua. Hawaii. Another was obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu in 
1902. This species was not obtained by Hr. Jenkins, and does not appear to be abundant among the 
Hawaiian Islands, but it is very abundant at Samoa. 
Gymnothorax zebra Shaw. Natural. Miscell., IX. plate 322,1797, American seas. 
Gymnothorax zebra, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 628, 1801; after Shaw. 
Gymnomursena doliata LacepOde, Hist. Nat Poiss., V, 648, 649, pi. 19, fig. 4,1803, near the coast of New Britain. 
Murxna zebra, Cuvier, ROgne Animal, Ed. I, 234, 1817. 
Murxna molendinaris Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I, 1833, 32, Mauritius. . 
Gymnnmurzmafasciata Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish., 103, fig. 69, 1S56, Muscat; on type of it. molentlinam of Bennett. 
Echidna zebra, Bleeker, Atlas, Ichth.. IV, 81, pi. 171, fig. 1, 1864-65 (Sumatra; Kajeli, Buro; Amboynu; Timor); Snyder, 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 520 (Honolulu). 
66. Echidna psalion Jenkins. Fig. 29. 
Head 7.25 in body, or 3.4 in distance from tip of snout to vent; depth 13; snout 5.5; eye slightly 
less than snout and slightly nearer tip of snout than angle of mouth; gape 2.5 in head; tip of snout to 
vent 1.2 in tail; interorbital about equal to eye. 
Bodv moderately elongate, compressed posteriorly; tail slender, pointed; gill-opening very small, 
inconspicuous; anterior nostril tubular, about 2 in eye, near tip of snout, well above the lip; posterior 
nostril without tube, oval, above eye just anterior to its middle; a series of pores along upper lip and 
a series on each side of lower jaw; upper jaw with a single series of blunt, conic teeth in front, those 
on sides smaller and in a single series; roof of mouth with 2 series of large molars; vomer in front with 
