FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
117 
half of its distance from the base of the pectoral fin; it is protected by prominent angles of the frontal 
bones anteriorly and posteriorly; the bony ridge between the orbits is concave and narrow, its width 
being less than the vertical diameter of the eye; crown of head rather convex, with slight crenulated 
striae; nostrils close together, one before the other, in front of the anterior angle of orbit on side of 
head; opercle not quite twice as long as high, and covered with a thick membrane which is prolonged 
beyond margin of bone and fixed to base of pectoral; gill-opening wide, but not extending upward 
beyond base of pectoral; 6 slender branchiostegals; shields of anterior portion of trunk are the follow¬ 
ing: 1, a narrow strip along the median line; 2, a pair of broader ones occupying the sides of the back; 
3, a narrow one on each side; 4, the pubic bones on the belly. 
Body depressed, nearly twice as broad as high; naked, without dermal ossifications; lateral line 
marked by pores and small narrow bony shields, sunk in the skin anteriorly, becoming broader on 
the tail, and armed with a compressed spine directed backward; spines forming a kind of serrature. 
Base of pectoral fin obliquely curved; fin somewhat longer than the orbit and rounded; a small 
foramen posteriorly in its axil; ventral fins widely apart, their distance from the pectoral 2/7 of that 
from the caudal; ventrals much shorter than pectoral and composed of 6 soft rays; a series of feeble spines 
embedded in the skin along median line of back and of abdomen; these spines do not belong to the 
endoskeleton for if the skin is removed these spines follow, and are easily detached from its outer 
surface. (Gunther.) 
Color in life, upper parts dark drab; lower, white; tips of dorsal, anal, and lobes of caudal rosy 
with dusky shades; pectoral transparent. Fifteen specimens were taken at Honolulu. (Jenkins.) 
Not obtained by us in 1901 nor by the Albatross in 1902. 
Fistutaria serrata Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. I, II, 319, 1817, America (after Blocli); Gunther, Cat,, III, 533, 1861 (China; 
East Indies): Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mils , No, 7, 71, 1877 (Honolulu): Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 390, 1883; 
Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept, 23,1903), 137 (Honolulu). 
Fistutaria immandata Cuvier, Rignc Animal, Ed. I, 349,1817, seas of the Indies (after Commerson and John White.) 
Fistularia commersoni Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, 112, 1837, Red Sea; no definite locality given, 
Cannvrhynch as immaculatus, Cantor, Cat. Malay. Fish., 211,1850, (Sea of I’inang), 
Fistulariapetimba, Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1902, 67 (Japan); not of LaeOpede. 
Family XXXVII. MACRORHAMPH0S1I I.Ji. 
Body compressed, oblong, or elevated, covered with small, rough scales; no lateral line; some 
bony strips on side of back, and on margin of thorax and abdomen, the former sometimes confluent 
into a shield; bones of skull much prolonged anteriorly, forming a long tube which bears the short 
jaws at the end; no teeth; gill-openings wide; branchiostegals 4; branchihvals and pharyngeals mostly 
present, the fourth superior branehihyal and the first and fourth superior pharyngeals only wanting; 
2 dorsal fins, the first of 4 to 7 spines, the second of which is very long and strong; soft dorsal and 
anal moderate; ventral fins small, abdominal, of 1 spine and 5 soft rays; pectorals short: caudal fin 
emarginate, its middle rays not produced; air-bladder large; pseudobranchiae present; gills 4, a slit 
behind the fourth; vertebras about 24. the 4 anterior ones much lengthened; no pyloric coeca; 
intestinal canal short. 
Genus 64. MACRORHAMPHOSUS Lace'pede. 
Body oblong, graduating into the caudal peduncle; back straight; dorsal spines about 7; charac¬ 
ters otherwise included above. The single Hawaiian species of this genus is fully described in 
Section II. 
Mwrorhamphorus Lac6p{l(le, Hist, Nat. Poiss., V, 136, 1803 (rornutus scoloptuc). 
Centriscus Cuvier, Rggne Anim., Ed. I. II. 350,1817 ( scolopax; not Centriscus L. i. 
Macro; real ti us Gnmow, Cat. Fishes, 147. 1854 ( scolopax ). 
Orthichthys Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 234 ( velitaris ). 
Order J. LOPHOBRANCHII. 
Gills tufted, notlaminated, eomposedof small rounded lobes attached to the gill-arches; interclavicles 
well developed; scapula suspended to the cranium by a post-temporal; superior branchihyals and 
pharyngeals, and basal branchihyals wanting or not ossified; mouth very small, bounded above by the 
