FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
143 
tSphyrasndtiussumicri Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Sat. Poiss., VII. 508, 1831 Red Sea, lie de France, Bourbon. 
Sphyrnma modgrassi Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XIX, 1899 (19011, 388, lit;. 2 , Honolulu (coll. Drs. O. P. Jenkins and 
T. I>. Wood. Type, No. 49093, U. S. Nat, Mus.). 
Sphyrxna agarn, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 500, 1900 (Honolulu); not of Riippell. 
101. Sphyrsena helleri Jenkins. “ Kawalea. ” Fig. 51. 
Head 3.1 in length; depth 7.8; eye 6.1 in head; snout 2; maxillary 3.1; interorbital 6, slightly 
greater than vertical diameter of eye; D. v-i, 9; A. i, 8; scales 11-135-15; 13 rows of scales on prc- 
opercle, 14 on opercle; longest dorsal spine 3.8 in head; ray 4.5; longest anal ray 3.8; pectoral 3.6; 
ventral 3.6. 
Body long and slender, the head tapering, the snout long, the lower jaw projecting nearly the 
width of pupil beyond upper, terminating in a fleshy appendage; eye large, posterior; maxillary not 
reaching eye, being separated from it by 
a distance about equal to diameter of ffT\ 
eye; opercle without spines; 2 sharp /// f \ 
canine-like teeth hooked backward, the 
second the larger, on the front row of 
upper jaw, back of these on each jaw 
5 or 6 similar teeth bent inward; 2 
large close-set teeth like those in upper 
jaw, in median part of lower jaw; back 
of these on each side a row of 15 to 18 
smaller teeth; distances between occiput 
and first dorsal fin, first dorsal and sec¬ 
ond dorsal, and second dorsal and last vertebra equal, and each equal to distance from tip of snout to 
posterior margin of eye; insertion of ventrals below front of first dorsal fin, two-thirds of eye behind 
tip of pectoral; caudal deeply forked; anterior hase of anal on line with that of dorsal. 
Color in alcohol, brown above, with bluish silvery reflections, becoming lighter below, white on 
belly and lower part of side; spinous dorsal color of back; soft dorsal pale, caudal dusky; anal and 
ventral pale; pectoral dusky. 
Six specimens from Honolulu 13 to 26 inches long, and 2 from Hilo 24 inches long. This fish is 
very abundant in the mullet ponds, where it is destructive to the mullet. It reaches but a small size, 
and is rarely found except near shore. 
Sphyrxna helleri Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.. XIX, 1899 (1901) 3S7, lie, 1, Honolulu (coll. Hr. Jenkins. Type, No. 49692, 
U. S. Nat. Mus.); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 438 (Honolulu). 
Suborder HYPOSTOMIDES. 
Characters included with those of the following family: 
Family XLV1. PEG AS I D£. 
Body entirely covered with bony plates, ankvlosed on the trunk and movable on the tail; 
barbels none; the margin of the upper jaw formed) by the iutermaxillaries and their cutaneous 
prolongation, which extends downward to the extremity of the maxillaries; gill-cover formed by a 
large plate, homologous to the opercle, preopercle and subopercle; interopercle a long fine hone, 
hidden below the gill-plate; one rudimentary branchiostegal; the gill-plate united with the isthmus 
by a narrow membrane; gill-opening narrow in front of base of pectoral fin; gills 4, lamellated; pseudo- 
branchiae and air-bladder absent; one short dorsal and anal fin, opposite to each other; ventral fins 
present; ovarian sacs closed. 
Genus 85. PEGASUS Linnaens. 
This genus contains those species of Pegasidx which have the tail short and not attenuate and 
compressed toward the tip, and in which the pectoral rays are all slender and simple, none of them 
spine-like. The single Hawaiian species of this genus is fully described by Dr. Gilbert in Section II. 
Pegasus Linmcus, Syst. Nat., XII. 418, 1766 ( volans ). 
Zalises Jordan & Snyder, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 2 ( rlraconis ). 
