FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
161 
Jlolocentrum microstoma Gunther, Cat., I, 34, 1859. Amboyna; Gunther, Fischc <h*r Siidsee, IV,98,1875 (Amboyna; Samoa; 
Tonga; Society; Hawaiian; Kingsmill; Hervey, and Paumotu islands). 
Holocentms microstoma, Seale, Occas. Pap. Bishop Mus., I, No. 3, 70, 1901 (Guam). 
Holocentrus microstomus, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23,1903), 410 (Honolulu). 
116. Holocentrus spinifer (Forskal). Plate VIII. 
Head 3 in length; depth 2.4; eye 4.7 in head; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.6; mandible 2; interorbital 
6.4; I), xi, 16; A. iv, 11; P. i, 14; V. i, 7; scales 5-46-8. 
Body rather elongate, deep, compressed, back elevated; head moderate, compressed, pointed, 
upper profile straight from tip of snout to occiput; snout long, pointed, its upper profile straight; lower 
profile of head nearly straight; eye small, high, its posterior margin about midway in length of head; 
mouth large, oblique, the mandible slightly projecting; maxillary broad distally, its width at that point 
1.5 in eye; lips large, thick, papillose; teeth fine, in broad bands in jaws; tongue elongate, pointed, 
free in front; postorbital very narrow, preorbital broad with 2 strong spines, 3 small serrations in 
between; nasal bone with strong spine in front; bones on head all more or less serrate; margin of 
preopercle coarsely serrate, ending in a long strong spine below, reaching well beyond gill-opening and 
furnished with a thin flap; opercle with 2 strong spines, upper longer; nasal aperture very large and 
deep, with a small aperture in front; interorbital space flattened, rather narrow; gill-opening large, gill- 
rakers rather small, short, few in number; gill-filaments and pseudobranchiae moderately long; anterior 
dorsal spines longest, first 2.9 in head, second 2.1, third 2, last 8.5; anterior rays longest, first ray 2.7, 
second 1.9, third 1.8, last 5; third anal spine very large, strong, 2 in head, third 2.35; soft anal similar 
to soft dorsal, first ray 1.8, third 2, last 6.5; caudal rather small, lobes broad, rounded, pointed; caudal 
peduncle compressed, elongate, its length 1.8, depth 3; pectoral rather small, 1.5 in head, pointed; ven¬ 
tral long, pointed 1.5, spine 2.3; rudimentary caudal spines 4, graduated, sharp pointed. 
Color in life, bright red, each scale with central area of pearly gray with red; spinous dorsal rich 
vermilion, tinged with yellow; other fins yellowish red; caudal bordered posteriorly with yellow; 
3 large scales behind eye and narrow area behind these dark red; axil of pectoral, and spot on under 
face of base of pectoral dark red. 
Color in alcohol, yellowish white; spinous dorsal yellowish; other fins pale. 
We have 2 specimens of this species (No. 02554, 9.75 inches long, and No. 03437, 15 inches long), 
both from Honolulu. It is common at Samoa. 
Seitena spinifer a Forskal, Descr. Anim., 49, 1775, Red Sea. 
Jlolocentrum leo Cuvier Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 204, 1829, Society Islands; Waigiou; Moluccas; Seychelles; 
Lesson, Voyage Coquille, XII, 222, 1830 (South Sea; Borabora; Waigiou j; Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. II, 150, pi. 14 
tig. 1. 1829; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, 355 (Cocos Islands); Quoy cfc Guimard, Voyage Astrolabe, Poiss., 
678, pi. 14, tig. 3, 1834 (Vanikoro); Bleeker; Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., VI, 1859, 2 Enumeratio. 
Jlolocentrum spiniferum, Gunther, Cat., I, 39, 1859 (Louisiade Archipelago, part); Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, III, 94, 1874 
(Vavau; New Hebrides; Solomon Islands; in part). 
Jlolocentrus leo, Smith & Swain, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882,125 (Johnston Island); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 
1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 441 (Hawaiian Islands). 
Holocentrus spinifer, Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 483 (Thornton Island); not Holoceutrum spiniferum of Cuvier A 
Valenciennes and of Sauvage, which is If. caudimaeulatus. 
117. Holocentrus erythraeus < iiinther. Fig. 59. 
Head 3 in length; depth 2.7; eye 4.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.2; mandible 1.8; interorbital 
5; D. xi-16; A. iv, 10; P. i, 13; V. i, 7; scales 4-48-7. 
Body elongate, compressed, deep, greatest depth about middle of belly,; head compressed, pointed, 
upper and lower profiles straight; snout short, pointed; eye small, high, its posterior margin well 
before middle of length of head, not impinging upon upper profile; mouth rather large, oblique, 
mandible slightly projecting; maxillary broadly expanded distally, 1.4 in eye, reaching beyond pos¬ 
terior margin of pupil; supplemental maxillary large, teeth minute, crowded, in bands in jaws; lips 
thick, fleshy, papillose; suborbital ridge rather narrow, with 2 very strong short spines; 2 short nasal 
spines; posterior nasal cavity very large; interorbital space broad, flattened; margin of preopercle 
finely serrate, with a long pointed spine below; opercle with 2 spines, upper larger but not much 
longer; gill-opening large, filaments coarse, and pseudobranchke rather long; gillrakers rather short, 
thick, compressed, not as long as filaments, and in moderate number; dorsal spines rather low, first 
F.C. B. 1903—11 
