FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
173 
Color in alcohol, bluish black above, pale on sides, whitish below, lower part of side with 4 broad 
bluish-black lines, broadest posteriorly and separated by broad silvery bands, which are broadest 
anteriorly. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 04439) 32 inches long, obtained in the market 
at Honolulu. We have another specimen (No. 04440), 27 inches long, from the same place, and also 
the head (No. 04018) of a large example seen at Hilo. In the collection made by Dr. Jenkins is a 
specimen ( No. 798), 14 inches long, which does not agree fully with current descriptions of this species. 
It has 6 narrow brown lines along lower part of side instead of 4, and there is a narrow row of blunt 
tubercular teeth on each palatine bone. 
This species is pelagic and occurs in all warm seas, being abundant about Hawaii in summer. It 
has been found on the Atlantic coast of America as far north as Cape Cod, and it is frequent about the 
Bermudas. It has been recorded from the coast of southern California. 
Scomber prfamix Linnams. Syst. Nat., Ed. X. 297, 1 7.7S, “in pelago inter Tropicos." 
Scomber pelamidcs Laccpvilc, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 14. 1802; after Linnreus. 
Thynnuspelamys, Cuvier Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VIII, 113, 1831; after Linntcus. 
Gymnoaarda pelamis, Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 808,1890 (Oct. 3); Jordan A Evennann, American 
Food and Game Fishes, 278, 1902; Jenkins, Bull. t*. S. Fish Comm.. XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 411 (Honolulu). 
126. Gymnosarda alletterata (Rafinesque) . “ Knwakawa;” Little Tunny; Bonito. Fig. 65. 
Head 3.6 in length; depth 3.9; eye 5.4 in head; snout 3.3; interorbital 3.75; maxillary 2.3; D. 
xv-12-viii; A. 13-7; gill rakers 22 - 9, serrate, longest nearly equal to eve. 
Body robust, scarcely compressed, abruptly contracted at caudal peduncle, least depth of latter 1.3 
in least width, strongly keeled; head long, subconic; snout pointed; jaws subequal, lower slightly the 
shorter; teeth on both jaws and palatine arch, the latter very minute; those on jaws small, sharp, 
Fig. On. —G t/mnosarda alletterata (Rafinesque): after Jordan and Evermann. 
conic, wide set; tongue long, rounded, free, a thin flap on each upper side narrowing posteriorly, 
giving a trough-like appearance; maxillary reaching center of pupil, slipping under the preorbital for 
nearly its entire length; eye moderate, high, anterior; interorbital rounded, wide; opercle broad; fins 
small; dorsal spines stiff, longest equal to snout and eye; soft dorsal very low, its longest ray not quite 
equal to its base; caudal crescent-shaped, lobes equal; base of anal tin equal to longest ray, its origin 
under posterior base of soft dorsal; pectoral short, reaching slightly beyond ventrals past middle of 
first dorsal, longest ray 2.4 in head, its upper base on a line with middle of pupil; ventrals 3 in head, 
base behind upper edge of pectoral; scales of corselet and anterior dorsal region comparatively large. 
Color in alcohol, blackish blue above, lighter below, becoming silvery on belly; back with about 
12 oblique, wavy, dark streaks, separated by bluish silvery interspaces; side with 10 to 13 darker 
bands; several black blotches size of pupil or slightly larger on side between ventrals and pectoral; 
fins color of body. 
The above description based chiefly on a specimen (No. 04019), 10.5 inches long, from Hilo. We 
have one other specimen (No. 04020), 10 inches long, from Hilo, and one (No. 04025), 17.75 inches 
long, from Honolulu. In the larger examples the spots on the side between the ventral and pectoral 
are fewer — only 2 or 3 in number. 
