188 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION 
Carmixplumicri, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist.. Nat. l’oiss., IX, 65, 1833. 
Caranx torvus Jenyns, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 69, pi. XV, 1841, Tahiti. 
Sdar torvus, Bleeker, Verh. Batavia Genoot., XXIV, 1852, 51, (Batavia). 
Trachurops brachychirus Gill, I’roe. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862, 261, Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 
Trachurops crunicnophthalmus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862, 432 (Beesley Point, New Jersey!; Jordan Evermann, 
Fish. North A Mid. Amer., I, 911, l’l. CXLI, fig-. 385, 1896 (Cape San Lucas, Mazatlan, Aeapuleo, Panama); Fowler, 
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1900, 501 (Hawaiian Islands); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 
1903), 443 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 523 (Hanalei Bay, Kauai). 
Trachurops jflumieri, Poey, Enuni. Pise. Cubens., 78, 1875. 
Caranx c runic, nopthalmus, Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, V, 131, 1876 (Cape tie Verde Islands, west coast of Africa, St. Helena, 
West Indies, Mexico, Bay of Panama, Hawaiian Islands, South Seas, East Indies, Seychelles, Red Sea); Gunther, 
Rept. Shore Fish., Challenger, Zool., I. Part VI, 59, 1880 (Honolulu); Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 
1900, 495 (Honolulu). 
Trachurops maurManus, Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 68, 1877 (Honolulu). 
Caranx (Sclar) macrophthalmus , Klunzinger, Fische des rothen Meeres, I, 97, 1884 (Red Sea). 
Genus 112. CARANGUS Griffith. The Cavallas. 
“ Papiopio” small size; “ Pa'upa'u” medium size; “ Ulua ,” large size. 
Body ovate or oblong, compressed, the back sometimes considerably elevated, sometimes little 
arched; head moderate or rather large, more or less compressed; mouth moderate or large, oblique; 
maxillary broad, with a well-developed supplemental bone extending to below eye; premax diaries pro¬ 
tractile; teeth developed in 1 or few series, unequal, or at least not in villiform bands; villiform teeth 
usually present on vomer, palatines, and tongue, wanting or deciduous in some species; gill rakers long; 
eye large, with an adipose eyelid; dorsal spines rather low, connected; second dorsal long, usually 
elevated in front, both fins depressible in a groove; anal tin similar to second dorsal and nearly 
as long, preceded by 2 rather strong spines, its base longer than the abdomen; caudal tin strongly 
forked, the peduncle very slender; ventral fins moderate; pectorals falcate; no tinlets; preopercle entire 
in the adult, serrate in the young, usually with a membranaceous border. Species very numerous in 
all warm seas, most of them valued for food. 
About 9 species of this genus are now known from the Hawaiian Islands. 
Carangus Griffith in Cuvier, Animal King., X, Pisces, 355, 1834 ( carangus ). 
a. Teeth on vomer and palatines, small and villiform. 
h. Soft dorsal high; spinous dorsal rather low; scutes of straight portion of lateral line fewer than 40. 
c. Scutes in straight portion of lateral line fewer than 30 (27 or 28). 
d. Body short, stout, depth 3 in length to base of caudal; dorsal vm-i, 21; anal ii-i, 19 . ignobilis, p. 188 
dd. Body more slender, depth 3.4; dorsal vii-i, 19; anal ii-i, 16. elacatc, p. 190 
cc. Scutes in straight part of lateral line more than 30 (32 to 35). 
e. Opercular spot present; anal pale, not black, dusky or tipped with black. marginatus, p 191 
cc. No opercular spot; anal black, dusky or tipped with black. 
/. Scutes in straight portion of lateral line 35; anal rays 18 or 19. 
g. Dorsal spines comparatively long, longest 2.8 in head; body sometimes with transverse dusky 
'bands. forstcri, p. 191 
gg. Dorsal spines rather low, longest 4.3 in head; body without transverse dusky bands. nulampygus , p 192 
ff. Scutes in straight portion of lateral line 32; anal rays 16. rhabdotus. p. 193 
bb. Soft dorsal rather low; dorsal spines comparatively long; scutes of straight portion of lateral line 40 or more. 
h. Body with dusky transverse bands; anal dusky; scutes 40. politus , p. 194 
hh. Body without transverse dusky bands; anal pale; scutes 43. a (finis, p. 195 
aa. No teeth on vomer or palatines. 
i. Lower jaw projecting somewhat beyond upper; dorsal v-i, 28; scutes in straight portion of lateral 
line 35. hclvolus, p. 196 
ii. Lower jaw not projecting beyond the upper; dorsal vm-i, 24; scutes about 38. chcilio, p. 196 
141. Carangus ignobilis (Forskal). “ Pauu’n.” Fig. 72 
Head 3.5 in length; depth 3; eye 5 in head; snout 3; interorbital 3.5; maxillary 2.1; preorbital 
4.8; D. vn i— i, 21; A. ii-i, 19; scutes 27. 
Body short, stout, and compressed; head short and heavy; snout short and blunt, the anterior 
profile rising abruptly to nape, the dorsal outline strongly elevated from tip of snout to origin of 
spinous dorsal; ventral outline relatively straight; portion of body covered by soft dorsal and anal 
fins tapering rapidly to the short caudal peduncle, which is much depressed, its least depth about 2 in 
