FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
207 
(j. Vomer with teeth. Lutianidx , p. 232 
OH- Vomer without teeth; palatines and tongue toothless: anterior teeth conical, or else more or less incisor-like; 
preorpercle entire. Sparkin', p. 242 
//. Spines of premaxillary extending backward to the occiput, so that the mouth is excessively protractile: lower 
pharyngeals well separated. Mxnidtc , p. 244 
cc. Herbivorous species: anterior teeth in jaws incisor-like; no molars or canines. Kyphosukv, p. 246 
Family LVIII. KUHUID.C 
Body oblong, strongly compressed; scales large, ciliated; lateral line complete, the tubes straight 
and occupying the anterior half of the exposed surface of the scale; mouth large, protractile; maxillary 
exposed, without supplemental bone; teeth in jaws in villiform bands; teeth on vomer, palatines, 
entopterygoids, and ectopterygoids; tongue smooth; head partly naked; preorbital and preopercle 
denticulate; opercle with 2 spines; gill-membranes separate; <> branehiostesals; pseudobraneliifc large; 
gill rakers long and slender; dorsal tins connected at the base, with x, 9 to 13 rays, the spinous portion 
longer than the soft; anal as much developed as the soft dorsal, with in, 10 to 12 rays; dorsal and 
anal lius fitting in a well-developed sheath; caudal emarginate, pectoral obtusely pointed, with 14 or 
15 rays, upper the longest; ventrals behind base of pectoral, close together, with a strong spine; poste¬ 
rior processes of the premaxi I lanes not extending to the frontals; supraoecipital bone extending for¬ 
ward to between the post-frontal processes, its crest not extending on the upper surface of the cranium; 
parietals short, without crest; precaudal vertebra; with transverse processes behind the fourth; ribs all 
but the last 2 to 4 sessile, inserted on the centrum behind the transverse processes. (Boulenger.) 
Vertebra* 25 (10 or 11 j 14 or 15). One genus with 7 or 8 species inhabiting the Pacific Ocean, espe¬ 
cially fresh and brackish waters of East Africa, the islands of the Indian and Pacific oceans, and north 
Australia. 
Genas 118. KGHLIA Gill. 
Body oblong, much compressed; head compressed; mouth short, oblique; maxillary without sup¬ 
plemental bone; lower jaw projecting; no canines; teeth subequal; preorbital sharply serrate; angle 
of preopercle without strong spine; gillrakers slender; pseudobranch he large; scales large, not very 
rough; lateral line distinctly arched in front; top of head naked; dorsal fin deeply notched, but not 
divided to base, with 10 slender spines; caudal lunate; anal spines graduated, the fin short. Colora¬ 
tion bright silvery. This genus contains 2 groups of species, one strictly marine, the other ascend¬ 
ing the rivers. The Hawaiian species, found in estuaries, is intermediate. 
KiiKlia Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 48 (ciliafa). 
Moronopsis Gill. op. cit. 1803, 82 (marginatus). 
Paradulcs Blocker. Nederl. Tijdsehr. Dierkunde, 1, 257,1803 (marginatum = afflatus). 
159. Kuhlia malo (Cuvier & Valenciennes). “Ahdlehdle.” 
Head 3.4 in length; depth 2.6; eye 3.2 in head; snout 4; interorbital 3.3; maxillary 3; mandible 
2.3; D. ix-i, 11; A. in, 11; scales 7-52-12; gillrakers 25 to 28. 
Body oblong, strongly compressed, upper profile of head nearly straight; caudal peduncle com¬ 
pressed, its depth equal to length; head longer than deep; snout short, rather blunt; mouth oblique, 
lower jaw projecting; teeth minute, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; tongue rather bluntly 
pointed, free anteriorly; maxillary reaching slightly beyond front margin of eye; eye very large, 
irregularly circular, its pupil slightly above axis of body, anterior; interorbital convex; 2 small, flat 
opercular spines, the lower the larger; origin of dorsal fin about over that of ventrals, behind that of 
pectoral, longest dorsal spine (fifth) 1.6 in head, longer than anterior soft rays; base of soft dorsal 
less than that of anal; caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed; anal spines graduated to the last, which 
is the longest, but shorter than the anterior or longest soft rays, longest spine 2.5 in head, longest ray 
2.1 in head; ventrals reaching three-fourths distance to vent, 1.8 in head; pectoral 1.5 in head, not 
reaching as far as ventrals; scales ctenoid, 4 rows on cheek, those along bases of vertical fins very 
small; top of head naked, about 12 scales before dorsal; lateral line nearly concurrent with dorsal out¬ 
line; caudal peduncle compressed, the least width 5 in least depth. 
