FISHES OF HAWAHAN ISLANDS. 
209 
Uforonopsis tseniurus, Blceker, Arch. Xeerl., VII, 1872, 371 (Java Sumatra i; Atlas Ichth., VII, 119, pi. CCCXLV, fig. 5, 1876 
(Java; Sumatra; Buro). 
Par adults txniunis, Bleekcr, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk.. IV. 1873, 139. 
Ixiihlin txninrn. Smith & Swain, Proc. I'. S. X. M.. V, 188.’. 128 i Johnston Island: Java; Chinese Sea; Sumatra 
Moronopsis argenleus. Klunzinger, Fische des roth. Meer., 25. 1884. 
Knhlia arge Jordan it Bollman. Proc. l\ S. Nat 'Ins.. XII. 1889, 159, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; Jor¬ 
dan & Eigenmann, Bull. V. S. Fish Comm., VIII, 1888 (1890), 419. 
Family LIX. Apognnichthyid®. The Cardinal Fishes. 
Body oblong or elongate, sometimes compressed and elevated, covered with rather large scales, 
which are striated and ctenoid, or sometimes cycloid; cheeks scaly, lateral line continuous; cleft of 
month wide, oblique; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer and sometimes on palatines; canines some¬ 
times present (teeth wanting in Hrephoxtomn ); preoperele with a double ridge, its edge entire or slightly 
serrated; opercular spine little developed; lower pharyngeals separate, with sharp teeth; pseudo- 
branchiae present; branchiostegals 6 or 7; dorsal fins well separated, the first with tt to 9 rather strong 
spines; no dorsal sheath or furrow; anal tin short, usually with 2 spines, sometimes with 3 or 4; ventral 
fins thoracic, i, 5, without axillary scale. Small fishes of the Tropics, especially abundant in the East 
Indies, some of them in fresh waters, most of them in rather deep waters. Color often bright red. 
Genera about 15; species about 130. 
The family is represented in Japan by at least 8 species, and notwithstanding their small size they 
have great importance as food-fishes. In the Hawaiian Islands we know 9 species, all of them small 
and only 2 of any importance for food. These fishes are most abundant among the coral rocks about 
tropical islands. Many of our most interesting specimens obtained at Honolulu were secured by 
breaking apart masses of dead coral, in the interstices of which,they take refuge. 
a. Canine teeth none; teeth all minute or villiform. 
Ii. Preoperele with margins entire. 
c. Teeth on vomer and palatines. 
d. Lateral line complete and well developed. Mionortui, p. 210 
dd. Lateral line incomplete, ceasing under origin of soft dorsal. Foa, p. 210 
cc. No teetli on vomer or palatines.. Arionuua , p. 217 
bh. Preoperele with at least posterior margin serrate, especially in the young. -1 mia, p. 211 
aa. Canine teeth present in l'ront ol jaws. Synagrops, p. 21s 
F. C. B. 1903—H 
