FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
221 
longest, 3.6 in head; soft portion of dorsal somewhat elevated and pointed, with longest ray 1.9 in head; 
anal similar to soft dorsal but smaller and somewhat posterior, fifth ray 2 in head; caudal truncate or 
slightly lunate; centrals short, not nearly reaching vent,their length 1.75 in head; pectoral rather long 
and slender, reaching origin of anal, its length about 1.1 in head; scales rather small, finely ciliate, 
somewhat loose; entire head, except interorbital, snout, and under parts, scaled; lateral line well devel¬ 
oped, complete, with a strong arch above the pectoral and distinctly declined under last dorsal raw 
Color in life (field No. 03342), top of head, upper half of anterior part of body, and whole posterior 
half of body pal© rosy; lower part of head and lower parts of anterior half of body white with faint 
rosy wash; top of head and back in front of dorsal vertnieulated with greenish yellow lines; middle 
portion of upper jaw yellow with a broad sulphur-yellow stripe from it to eye, then back of eye to 
opercular opening; a narrow sulphur stripe on posterior edge of maxillary and continued interruptedly 
downward and backward across cheek to opcrcle; a few small yellow spots across cheek between 
the two stripe©; tip of lower jaw yellow; yellow of back in about 6 indefinite lines; dorsal pale rosy, 
spinous part greenish yellow at base, this extending toward tip posteriorly and forming a submarginal 
yellow stripe on soft, part, narrowly bordered above by rosy; rest of tin rosy; caudal dark rosy, paler 
toward tip, then with blackish red edge, a greenish yellow stripe along upper and lower margins nar¬ 
rowly edged with rosy; anal yellow anteriorly, rest of fin pale rosy; pectoral and ventrals pale rosy; 
yellow of lower jaw bounded by rosy, rest of jaw and chin whitish; some examples w ith posterior 
half of side with scattered small greenish yellow' spots, these extending on caudal; eye with a broad 
brown bar through the middle, white above and below. 
Color in alcohol, pale yellowish white, lighter below'; body, especially posteriorly, caudal, and soft 
dorsal with numerous small distinct brown spots; head pale, a white line extending along upper 
edge of maxillary and across cheek to opercular opening, a similar but less distinct white line from eve 
to upper edge of gill-opening; between these 2 a few white specks; alTthe fins, except caudal and soft 
dorsal, plain yellowish white. 
Four specimens of this interesting and handsome species were obtained by ns, 2 at. Honolulu 
and 2 at Hilo. Four others are in the collection made at Honolulu in 1898 by I)r. Wood, where it 
was also obtained by the Albatross iri*1902. 
Pilot tunulata, Steindnchner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, LXX, 1. 375, 1871. and Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XLVII, 1883, pi. VI, fig. 2 ; 
not Gri/strs tnnulatus Guichenot, in Mallard. App. c. 1, Reunion, 1882, Indian Ocean. 
Pikm aurora Jordan & Kvermann. Bull. I". S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Apr. 11, 1903), 176, Hilo; Jenkins, op. cit. (Sept. 
23, 1903), 119 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Honolulu). 
Genus 125. CEPHALOPHOLIS Bloch & Schneider. 
This genus is close to Epinephelus, from which it is distinguished mainly by the presence of 9 
instead of 11 (or rarely 10) dorsal spines. 
CephalophOlis Bloch A Schneider, Syst, Ichth., 311, 1801 (argue- 
Bodianus Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. I, II. 276, 1817. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 237 (restricted to guttatus, etc.); 
not ol Bloch. 
f.'riphzltui Sivainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, II. 202,1839 (phxlrm). 
Enncacentrns Gill, 1. c.. 1865, 105 (oualatibi =julrus). 
Menephorus Poey, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y , X,, 1,869, 50 ( dubius ). 
171. CephalophOlis argus Bloch & Schneider. Fig. 88. 
Head 2.75 to 3.25; depth 2.75 to 3; D. ix, 15 or 16; A. in, 9; scales 9 or 10-100-33, 50 to 55 pores. 
Body moderately elongate, the head rather pointed; mouth large, the lower jaw strongly projecting; 
maxillary extending considerably beyond eye, its tip rather wider than eye, its length 2 in head; 
preopercle very finely serrate, the serrie scarcely enlarged on the rounded angle; middle opercular 
spine never lower than upper, lower not so far back as upper; opercular flap pointed; scales of head 
cycloid, scales of body strongly ciliated; snout and maxillary scaly; teeth in broad bands, canines 
moderate; gill-rakers 8 or 9, besides rudiments below angle of arch, nearly a- long as gill-fringes; 
third and fourth dorsal spines longest, about 3.5 in head, much shorter than soft ravs; pectoral 1.8 in 
head; ventral 2.25, not reaching vent; second and third anal spines .subequal, shorter than soft rays- 
caudal rounded. 
