FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
227 
upper rays of upper caudal lobe being produced each as a filament, the dorsal filament being produced 
half its length beyond rest of fin; dorsal spines stout and strong, the first spine 2.3 in third, the filth 
being the highest, 2.5 in head; base of spinous dorsal 1.15 in head; base of soft dorsal 2.3 in head, its 
fourth ray 3.5 in head, the last ray 1.4 in fourth; caudal truncate, the lower rays produced slightly as 
a filament, but not nearly so long as the upper lobe; second anal spine longest, 2.5 in head; second 
soft ray longest, 2 in head; pectoral very long and large, reaching to origin of soft anal, the eighth 
and ninth rays from above the longest, 1.4 in head; scales large, finely ctenoid, in regular series; entire 
body and head scaled; basil portion of all fins except spinous dorsal with small scales; lateral line 
Fig. 92.— Pscudavlhin:■ i.Ionlnn A: ICverroftnn); from the typo. 
strongly convex, not concurrent with the dorsal profile, becoming straight on middle of caudal 
peduncle; one row of scales behind tip of last dorsal ray. 
Color in alcohol, pale brown, the fins lighter; in life, red. 
Only 3 specimens were obtained, all having been taken with the hook in deep water off Kailua, 
in southwestern Hawaii. They range in length from 7.75 to 8.5 inches. The species is allied to 
Pxeudanthias japanicus (Steindachner <k Ddderlein). 
/Lvthias keUoggi Jordan A Evermann, Bull. r. s. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 i Apr. 11, 1903), 179, of! Kailua, Hawaii. (Type, 
No. 50642, IT. S. N. M.) 
Famih LXI. PR1ACAXTHID.-E. -The Catalufas. 
Body oblong or ovate, compressed, covered with small, firm, rough scales; all parts of the body 
and head, even the snout and max diaries, being densely scaly, each scale with a more or less developed 
plate on its posterior border, most developed in the young; head deep; mouth large, very oblique, 
the lower jaw prominent; villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatine; none on the tongue; pre- 
maxillaries protractile; maxillary broad, without supplemental bone, not slipping under the very 
narrow preorbital, which is usually serrate; no suborbital stay; eye very large, forming about one- 
half length of side of head; posterior nostril long, slit-like, close to eye; preopercle more or less 
serrated, one or more strong spines at its angle; opercle very short, ending behind in 2 or 3 points; 
no barbels; gill-membranes separate, free from isthmus; pseudobranchiic very large, extending along 
whole length of opercle; postorbital part of head very short, the opercle small; gills 4, a slit behind 
the fourth; gillrakers long; branchiostegals 6; lateral line continuous, not extending on caudal; dorsal 
fin continuous; x, 1) to 15, the spines depressible in a groove; anal ii, 9 to 15; soft part long, similar 
