FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 237 
snout; last dorsal ray produced, its length about 1.7 times that of the preceding; anal similar to soft 
dorsal, its origin under base of third or fourth dorsal ray; first anal spine very short, third longest and 
strongest, its length equaling diameter of eye; last anal ray produced, its length equaling that of produced 
dorsal ray; caudal rather widely forked, lobes about equal, their length, measured from base of first 
supporting ray, equaling head; ventrals pointed, their tips not reaching vent, length 1.4 in head; pec¬ 
toral long, slightly falcate, the tip about reaching tips of ventrals, its length about 1.2 in head; scales 
large, deeper than long and rather loose; cheek and opercles scaled, 5 rows on cheek; a large bony 
humeral scale, from which extends to nape a series of somewhat modified scales, in front of which is 
a patch of ordinary scales; lateral line complete and well developed, beginning at lower edge of 
humeral scale and following curvature of back to base of middle caudal rays; the pores little or not 
at all branched. 
Color in life (field No. 03404), light rosy olive, with violet shades, pale below; center of each scale 
of back shining violet; dorsal reddish flesh-color, its base anteriorly yellowish olive; caudal flesh-color, 
rosy along the edges; anal similar, its edge light lavender gray; ventrals pale, shaded with light 
orange; pectoral flesh-color, violaceous at base; snout violet, iris light yellow. A flesh-colored vio- 
Fig. 97 .—Bowersia violesceus Jordan & Evermann; from the type. 
laceous fish without color markings anywhere. Another specimen (field No. 03417) freshly dead, had 
the body, head, and caudal light rosy; ventrals white; outer margin of spinous dorsal golden, the 
membranes with irregular golden areas; pectoral and anal not distinctly colored; iris yellow. 
Color in alcohol of type (field No. 03018), above dusky silvery, bases of scales brown; sides and 
under parts silvery, with pale greenish-yellow tinge; top of head somewhat olivaceous, sides rusty 
silvery; axil of pectoral dusky; tins all pale or yellowish-white. 
This species reaches a length of about 2 feet and is an important food-fish. 
Our 4 specimens, all from Hololulu, are each about 2 feet in length. 
;Bowersia violeseens Jordan it Evermann, Bull. l\ S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (April 11, 1903), 183, Honolulu. 
182. Bowersia ulaula Jordan & Evermann. “ Ulaula “ Kod’e.” Fig. 98. 
Head 3.6 in length; depth 3.8; eye 3.8 in head; snout 3.8; maxillary 2.9; mandible 2.4; inter¬ 
orbital 3.6; preorbital 10; scales 8-68-14; D. x, 11; A. hi, 8 ; Br. 7; gill rakers 21 5. 
Body long and slender, the dorsal outline in a low, gentle curve from tip of snout to base of caudal, 
the ventral outline but gently convex; head moderate, bluntly conic; snout rather short; mouth mod¬ 
erate, somewhat oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary moderate, slipping for its entire length under the 
narrow,thin preorbital, its width at tip 2.8 in eye; bands of villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, tongue 
and jaws, those of outer series in the latter scarcely enlarged; opercle ending in 2 obscure, fiat spines, 
