254 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
196. Mulloides vanicolensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 
Head 3.8 (4.75) in length; depth 4.33 (5.25); D. viii-i, 8; A. n, 6; scales 2.5-36-6. 
Body rather slender; ventral outline almost as much curved as dorsal; profile gently and nearly 
evenly curved from snout to first dorsal fin; caudal peduncle tapering evenly from dorsal and anal to 
the caudal fin. and nearly equaling length of head, its least depth 2.33 in its length; snout 
short, bluntish, 2.75 in head; mouth small, maxillary reaching posterior nostril, 2.8 in head; the 
bands of villiform teeth very narrow; in front 2 series in each jaw, on the sides only one; eye large, 
1.25 in snout, 3.5 in head; interorbital space moderately convex, 3 in head; upright limb of preo- 
percle straight; opercular spine small; gillrakers slender, 2.5 in maxillary, 7 in head, about 25 on 
lower limb of arch; barbels 1.66 in head, extending beyond posterior margin of eye; scales moderate, 
ctenoid; preorbital smooth; dorsal fins moderate; spines of first dorsal rather weak, depressible into 
a groove; first spine very minute, second and third longest, 1.33 in head, those following evenly 
decreasing in height to the eighth spine, which is 3 in head; first ray of second dorsal fin unbranched, 
showing no articulations, having the appearance of a true spine, slightly shorter than last soft ray, 4 
in head; second articulate ray contained 1.8 times in the highest dorsal spine; caudal well forked, its 
longest rays 1.25 in head; anal with 2 spines, the first of which is very minute, otherwise similar to 
soft dorsal, though a very little higher; pectorals 1.6 in head; ventrals 1.33 in head; air-bladder mod¬ 
erate; peritoneum black. 
Color in spirits, grayish green above lateral line, lighter below, with yellow metallic luster; 
minute black punctulations on scales above lateral line, none below. 
Upeneus •vanicolensis Cuvier it Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 521, 18:11. Vanicolo: Smith & Swain, Proe. I T . S. Nat. 
Mils., V, 1882, 131 (Johnston Island). 
Mulloides vanicolensis, Bleeker, Nat.Tijds. Ned. I ml., IV, 1853, 601 (Termite); Gunther, Cat., I, 404, 1859 (seas of Termite and 
Vanicolo.'; Bleeker, Enum. Spec. Pise. A rehip. Indie., 39, 1859 (name only); Bleeker, Conspect. Spec. Pise., 6 ( Hal- 
maliera, Ternate, Arcliip. Molucca; name only); Bleeker, Revision Mulloides, 14, 1874 (Ternate; Sangir). 
Genus 140. PSEUDUPENEUS Bleeker. The Goat-Fishes. 
Body oblong, compressed; mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, low, the jaws subequal; eye large, 
high, posterior; opercle short, deep, with a posterior spine; .both jaws with rather strong unequal 
teeth, in 1 or 2 series in each jaw; no teeth on vomer or palatines; lips well developed; the bone which 
forms a hook over the maxillary less developed than in Mul/us; interorbital space concave and narrow; 
opercle ending in 1 spine; barbels nearly as long as head; scales very large, somewhat ctenoid; 
lateral line continuous, its tubes ramifying on each scale; head covered with large scales; first, dorsal 
with about 7 spines; anal with 2, the first very short; caudal fin forked. Species numerous in the 
tropical seas. 
P&eudupeneus Bleeker, Poiss. Cotede Guinea, Jan., 1862, in Verb. Hollandsch. Maats. Wet. llaar., XVIII, 56,1863 (prayensis). 
Parupeneus Bleeker, Ned. Tijds. Dicrk.. I, 1863, 234 ( Upeneus barberinus ); Bleeker, Verb. Kon. Ak. Wet., XV, 1875, 
Revision Mulloides, 17 ( barberinus ). 
Upeneus Bleeker, first restricted to bifasciatus; not of Cuvier. 
MuUhypencus Poey, Synopsis. IT, 307, 1868 ( maculatus ). 
Brachymullus Bleeker, Arebiv Neerl., XI, 333, 1875 ( tetraspilm ). 
a. Eye small, 6 or more in head. 
b. Body long, tapering, back considerably elevated, without alternating bands of pale rosy and darker red; pectoral 
purplish red or dull rosy. chryserydros, p.^55 
bb. Body rather short and deep, much compressed, with alternating band! of pale rosy and darker red; pectorals 
yellow. multifasciatus, p. 256 
aa. Eye larger, less than 6 in head. 
c. Eye moderate, 5 or more in head. 
d. Barbels long, reaching to or beyond gill-openings. 
e. Body slender, not greatly compressed, depth about 3.4; barbels golden . chrysonemus , p. 258 
e<. Body short and stout, considerably compressed, depth about 3; barbels blackish. bifasciatus, p. 258 
dd. Barbels not reaching gill-openings. 
/. Body robust, depth about 3.66 in total length. 
!/. Head comparatively short, about 3.35 in length to base of caudal; scales 31. crassilabris, p. 259 
gg. Head longer, 3 in length to base of caudal; scales 28. pleurostigma, p. 260 
ff. Body rather slender, 4.75 to 5 in total length. fraterculus , p. 261 
cc. Eye less than 5 in head. 
h. Body rather short and stout, depth about 3.5 in length to base of caudal; eye 4.7 in head . .porphyrefop,. p. 262 
hh. Body rather slender, about 4.33 in length to base of caudal; eye larger, 3.5 in head . preorbitalis, p. 263 
