FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
257 
base cf ventrals, 1.25 in head; interorbital space high and very convex; opercular spine small, flat; 
tins large, interspace between dorsals .3 greater than diameter of eye; origin of spinous dorsal nearer 
last dorsal ray than snout by a distance eipial to two-thirds diameter of eye; longest dorsal spine 1.4 
in head; base of spinous dorsal 1.5 in longest ray : third dorsal raj' 2 in longest spine; last dorsal ray 
much produced, nearly reaching base of caudal, 1.3 in longest dorsal spine; caudal peduncle rather 
short, scarcely exceeding snout; anal similar to soft dorsal, its origin somewhat posterior, its third ray 
2 in longest dorsal spine, last anal ray produced, its length half greater than that of third ray; caudal 
moderately forked, the lobes a little greater than longest dorsal spine; pectoral short, about 1.5 in 
head, not reaching tips of ventrals; ventrals longer, 1.2 in head, their tips not reaching origin of anal 
by a distance slightly greater than diameter of eye; scales large, not very firm, the edges finely and 
obscurely ctenoid, lateral line parallel with t he back, the pores not numerously branched, the branches 
numbering 5 to 8. 
Color in life, body with alternating bands of pale rosy red and darker red; the snout and head to 
beyond eye smoky red, then a broad dark red band covering body from eye to origin of spinons dorsal, 
this with some black blotches, 3 or 4 in front of dorsal, one on humeral region, and one on salient 
angle of opercle, a pale red hand as broad as base of spinous dorsal around the body under the base of 
spinous dorsal, behind this a double dark red band around body from last dorsal spine to eighth dorsal 
ray, this band with much black above, but scarcely any below lateral line; next a pale hand around 
anterior end of caudal peduncle and under last dorsal ray, followed by a dark band around middle of 
caudal peduncle; posterior part of caudal peduncle with a pale ring; spinous dorsal rosy at, base, black 
on distal portion, a little yellowish in center; soft dorsal greenish yellow at base, the outer three-fourths 
blackish, with 5 or 0 narrow pink lines parallel with the border; anal similar, the pink lines brighter 
and separated by olivaceous lines; pectoral always yellow, rosy on base and in axil; ventrals rosy 
with cross lines of whitish, the anterior border blackish; caudal dull rosy, edges black. 
Other examples from Hilo were, in life, deep rose red, the old ones becoming darker or dark pur¬ 
plish cherry-red; dark hands of black with red over the black; pale band under first dorsal whitish 
and shaded with golden; the one under soft dorsal similar but fainter; scales of all upper parts veined 
with deeper red, first some bright red shaded with orange; second dorsal black, the rays red with 
longitudinal red streaks above; anal blackish above with longitudinal streaks above and irregular 
broad lines of violet; caudal violet red, the outer ray violet black with a slight pale edging; pectoral 
golden crimson at base; ventrals dark red, with wavy streaks of olive and violet; barbels pink with 
cream colored tips; iris scarlet; young with the tips of barbels bright yellow. 
No. 02988, a young individual 6.5 inches long, differs markedly in color. It showed in life a general 
color of dirty white with scarcely a trace of rosy; body with 6 half-bars of black, the first across nape 
and down to lower edge of eye on each side; the second at origin of dorsal and down to base of pectoral; 
the third indistinct from under spinous dorsal to pectoral; fourth across back between dorsals and 
reaching two-thirds down side; the next from anterior half of soft dorsal; the last and blackest across 
caudal peduncle and down side; none of these makes a complete ring; tins resembling those of adult 
in color, but paler; iris pinkish. 
The above description based upon a specimen (No. 02985) 10.25 inches long, from Honolulu. 
Some of the specimens are shorter and deeper. The species is one of the most abundant of the 
Hawaiian fishes, always found in the markets and conspicuous for its bright color. Our collections 
contain 85 specimens, ranging in length from 4.5 to 10.25 inches, from Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua, Laysan 
Island, and Puako Bay, Hawaii. 
Midins muUifagcialus Quoy A Guimard, Voy. Frame, Zool., 330, pi. 59, tig. 1, 1824, Oahu: Maui. 
Upencus trifasciatug, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 46S, 1829 (Sandwich and Caroline islands); Streets, Bull. 
F.S. Nat. Mus., No. 7. 71, 1877 (Honolulu); Gunther, Kepi. Shore Fishes, Challenger, Zool., I, part VI, 59, 1880 
(Honolulu); not of Lacepede. 
Upauus velifcr Smith & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 130, Johnston Island. 
Parupcnewi trifasciatus, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 486 (Honolulu; Laysan). 
Pseudupincusmutli/asciatus, Jenkins, Bull. II. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23,1903), 456 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. 
(Jau. 19, 1904), 527 (Puako Bay, Hawaii; Laysan). 
F. C. B. 1903—17 
