FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
2 (if) 
reaching edge of gill-opening; pseudobranchiae well developed; gillrakers 16+6, finely serrate, last 5 
or 6 on longer limb very blunt and short, pupil of eye contained 1.5 in longest; spinous dorsal 1.5 in 
depth, first 2 spines even, longer than the others and longer than base; distance from snout to origin 
of spinous dorsal one-third distance from snout to last scale on caudal; distance between dorsals 
slightly less than base of soft dorsal; soft dorsal slightly concave; caudal deeply forked, upper lobe 
longer; anal similar to soft dorsal, inserted slightly behind the latter; ventrals reaching slightly 
beyond pectoral, rays of pectoral slightly the longer; lateral line concurrent with dorsal outline; scales 
large, finely ctenoid; entire body and head scaly. 
Color in life, pale green, changing to white below; edges of scales on back and down to lateral 
line purplish brown, giving the appearance of 3 rather distinct stripes of purplish brown, with green¬ 
ish centers on the scales; side with 2 broad yellow stripes, the upper beginning on operele at level of 
eye and running to caudal just above lateral line, which it crosses under soft dorsal; second beginning 
on base of pectoral and running to base of caudal just below lateral line, this stripe less distinct and 
narrowing posteriorly; operele bright rosy; top of head dusky; cheek white with some rosy; lower 
jaw white; barbels yellow; dorsal fins pale, each crossed by 2 or 3 brownish rosy bars; caudal white, 
upper lobe with 4 broad brownish red bars running downward and backward, 1 at base narrow; lower 
lobe with similar but much broader black liars running upward and backward, 2 of them more distinct 
than the others, 2 longish dark spots on inner rays; anal, ventrals, and pectoral pale, ventrals rather 
pale yellowish; iris yellowish, pink above. 
Color in alcohol, above bluish olivaceous, the side becoming lighter, almost white on belly; 
borders of scales dusky; first dorsal spine with 3 or 4 dark spots, and the upper posterior edge of 
membranes with dark spots; soft dorsal with 3 dark spots on anterior edge and similar spots on 
upper part of fin; caudal fin with dark bands, upper lobe with about 6, those on lower lobe 4, much 
broader, other fins pale. 
This species resembles Upeneus villains (Forskal), described from Djidda, Arabia, but the latter 
has the belly abruptly deep yellow in life. It is an abundant and important food-fish at Honolulu, 
where we obtained 10 specimens and where 4 others were collected by Dr. Jenkins in 1889. It is 
equally common at Ililo and in Pearl Harbor, living in shallow water along quiet shores. 
Our specimens are .8 to 12.5 inches long. 
I pnieokles vitlalus. Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 71, 1877 i Honolulu); not of Forskal. 
I'peneus arge Jordan it Evermann, Bull. r. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 i April 11, 1903), 187. Honolulu; Jenkins,op. cit. 
(Sept. 23, 1903), 456 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 527 (Honolulu). 
207. Upeneus taeniopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes. “ HW.v.” 
Head 6 in total length; depth 5; eye 5 in head, 1.65 in shout, 1.5 in interorbital space; D. vh-i, 
7; A. 7; scales 3-38-7. 
Interorbital space flat, a very slight rise from snout to base of first dorsal, a slight swelling over 
the snout in front of eye; barbels reaching to first third of orbit; teeth villiform in jaws, vomer, and 
palatines; first spine of dorsal fin the highest, and equal to two-thirds height of body, the second verv 
nearly as long; 6 rows of scales between bases of dorsal fins; pectoral equal in length to first dorsa[ 
spine; caudal deeply forked; tubes of lateral line very arborescent posteriorly; air-bladder large; 
branchiostegals 4; pyloric eoeca 2. 
Color, back reddish, becoming white on the abdomen; a large reddish spot said to have existed 
on the free portion of tail, but not now apparent; first dorsal fin with 3 brownish longitudinal 
bands, second dorsal likewise banded; caudal with 6 oblique streaks across either lobe. Length 12 
inches. (Day.) 
The above description was taken from Cuvier and Valenciennes’s type in the Paris Museum. 
We know of no record of this species from the Hawaiian Islands other than that of Steindachner. 
who refers 2 examples, obtained at Honolulu, to this species. It was not seen by us and it is probable 
that Upeneus arge lias been mistaken for it. 
Upeneus tseniopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 451,1829, coast of Trinquemalao, Ceylon. 
Upeneoiclas Uenioplerus , Day, Fishes of India, 1, 122, 1875; Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900. 487 (Honolulu i. 
