FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
297 
green; a short blue bar dorsally from eye; an irregular darkish cardinal patch downward and hack- 
ward from eye across cheek and opercle; upper portion of opercle blue, middle of opercle green; jaws 
and throat bluish green; rest of pectoral with a red bar; upper angular part of opercular flap red; 
base of scales on back red; lower half of dorsal tin deep coral-red, upper half cobalt-blue; caudal blue, 
with 8 stripes of darkish cardinal color, only outer 2 of which reach to the end of tin, the others extend¬ 
ing about two-thirds length of tin; margin of caudal tin greenish; anal same color as dorsal; centrals 
blue; upper half of pectoral deep blue, the lower paler, edge darkish purple; axil coral-red; inner 
part of lips deep cardinal-red; iris green, with red border. As this fish died the darkish cardinal-red 
on head, snout, nape, back, and stripes on caudal tin became darkish brown and the bright coral-red 
on body and fins bright brick-red; the green assumed a darker shade, and the blue faded noticeably. 
(ienerally at death that indescribable luster of the fish entirely disappears. 
Another specimen (No. 03460) 8 inches long, from Hilo, was in life clear green with various marks 
of bright creamy red; head green with radiating red stripes of the same shade; tins also red and 
green, the edge of dorsal and anal purplish black; a deep purple edge to the lower red band of dorsal 
and upper of anal; caudal tipped with dull yellowish; throat verging on blue. 
This latter specimen in spirits shows the dorsal and anal tins each with a broad dusky purplish 
base, beyond which is a somewhat narrower bright bluish-green band, bordered distally by an equally 
broad pale yellowish-white band, the fin in each case tipped with thin scallops of purplish, the bluish- 
green line with a thin wavy black border proximally. While the color of the dorsal and anal tins in 
this specimen differs considerably from that in our larger examples, it does not differ as greatly from 
the smaller ones, and we hesitate to regard it as representing a different species. 
Although the markings of this species are quite distinct and diagnostic, it has been frequently con¬ 
fused with related species, particularly with Thalassoma fuscuni. This is evidently the species described 
by Forskal under the name Scarus purpureus, which was later described by Lesson and by Cuvier & 
Valenciennes as Julis </uadricolor , recently by Mr. Fowler as Thalassoma immanis , and still more 
recently by Seale as Thalassoma berendti. blocker had 4 specimens which he identified as Julis <juad- 
ricolor; one of these possessed irregular markings on the head and was doubtless T. purpureum. The 
3 other specimens, without distinct markings on the head, and one of which he figured (PI. 34, fig. 3) 
as Julis quadricolor , were doubtless what we have identified as T.fuscum. From T. fuscuni the present 
species may be distinguished by the presence of broad, irregular markings on the head; the more dis¬ 
tinct wavy blue line separating the 2 coiors of the dorsal and anal, as seen in spirits, and the some¬ 
what longer, more pointed snout. 
Two specimens of t his interesting species were obtained by Dr. Jenkins, 1 by the Albatross in 1896, 
1 by Jordan and Snyder in 1900, and 7 by us in 1901. It was also obtained at Honolulu by the Alba¬ 
tross in 1902. Of the 7 specimens collected by us, 5 are from Honolulu and 1 each from Hilo and 
Kailua, the length ranging from 8.5 to 16 inches. Not rare in Samoa. 
Scarus-purpureus Forskal, Descript. Animal., 27, 177.7, Red Sea, Djidda, Arabia. 
Julis quadricolor Lesson, Voy. Ooquille, Zool., Ill, 139, pi.'35, fig. 1, 1826-1830, Otaiti [Tahiti]; Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. 
Nat. Poiss., XIII, 113, 1839 (Tahiti); Bleeker, Atlas, I, 93, 1862: not plate XXXIV, fig. 3, which is T. J'uscum. 
Julis trilobata Gunther, Cat., IV, 187, 1862, in part (var. hi. Aneiteum ; China; Red Sea. 
Thalassoma immanis Fowler, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. I’hila. 1899, 48.8, pi. XVIII, fig. 2, Caroline Islands. 
Thalassoma purpurea, Fowler, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1900, 510 (Sandwich Islands). 
Julis purpureus, Steindaehner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 506 (Honolulu and Laysan). 
Thalassoma berendti a Scale, Occasional Papers Bishop Museum, I, No. 1. 15, fig.7, 1901, Honolulu i Type, No. 681, B. P B.M.). 
Tftdjhassomapuipureum, Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 162 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 
19, 1904), 528 (Honolulu). 
Thalassoma quadricolor, Jenkins, op. cit. (Sept. 23, 1903), 162 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 528 (Honolulu). 
234. Thalassoma ballieui (Vaillant & Sauvage). “ Hirmlea luahine.” Fig. 128. 
Head 3 in length; depth 3.4; eye 6.9 in head; snout 2.4; preorbital 3.2; interorbital 4.6; I), vn, 
13; A. ii, 11; scales 3-27-9. 
Body long, moderately slender and compressed; head considerably longer than deep, the snout 
long ami bluntly pointed; mouth moderate, horizontal, the gape not nearly reaching eye; jaws'equal; 
lips thick, the lower with a broad loose fold on each side; each jaw with a series of small conic canines 
« Misprint for berndti. 
