FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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anil olive, the latter in narrow oblique lines; caudal yellowish white; anal yellowish white, with 
narrow, wavy, pale-blue lines, and a large jet-black spot bordered with blue on membrane of last 5 
rays; iris whitish. 
Another specimen, also a male (field No. 03371), was, in life, livid gray, each scale posteriorly 
with a vertical spot of violet; anterior line of profile bright violet; a violet line downward from eye 
with a whitish area behind it on cheek; an oblique violet line downward and backward from 
opercular flap to behind axil; posterior to this a vague yellow area, behind which is an ovate white 
spot, each scale around which has a vertical bar of bright violet; above this a large black blotch 
washed with brick-red; dorsal bluish-gray, the rays posteriorly with an increasing amount of orange, 
where the blue is reduced to oblique crossbands, an intermarginal line of violet, a small black spot on 
last ray; membranes of second to fourth dorsal spines with a terminal black ocellus; anal pale golden, 
with oblique bluish stripes, a large jet-black ocellus bordered with blue on last rays; caudal pale 
orange, crossed by bluish lines; ventrals and pectoral pale. 
Still another male example (field No. 03004) was described as follows: General color very pale, 
smoky white, edges of scales pale bluish, beneath seventh to ninth dorsal spines a large blotch, brick-red 
above, pale rosy below, all irregularly overlaid with black or brown; median line from tip of snout to 
base of first dorsal spine bright blue; a narrow bright blue line downward from anterior part of eve 
to angle of mouth; region above pectoral pale lemon-yellow, a short oblique pale blue line above base 
of pectoral; dorsal pale flesh-color, with short vertical bluish lines, 3 jet-black spots at tips of first, 
second, and fourth spines; anal pale yellowish, a black spot on distal half of last 3 rays; caudal pale, 
with obscure bluish cross-lines; pectoral and ventrals white; iris yellowish, red at lower posterior angle. 
A female (field No. 03372), 7.5 inches long, from Honolulu, which is taken as a cotype, differed 
in life coloration from the male in lacking the black ocellus on the anal and in having more violet on 
the white lateral spot, also more golden before it.; violet lines and spots obscure, but present; 3 to 8 
small blackish points above lateral line behind black dorsal blotch; a small black ocellus on second to 
third dorsal spines and one on seventh, these wanting in some females; fins otherwise colored as in the 
males, but the blue fainter and the orange of dorsal brighter. Field No. 03005 differed in color from field 
No. 03004 only in the absence of black on the dorsal and anal fins, the paler blue lines on head, the 
paler caudal fin, and in having black spots on the back. Another female example (field No. 03271), 
7.5 inches long, in life had the head and body smoky white; a large bluish white spot under tip of 
pectoral; snout bluish around border and surrounded by a broad pale yellow space involving nearly all of 
anterior half of side below level of eye; a large black spot under fifth to sixth dorsal spines, crossing 
lateral line and penetrating yellow of side, nearly reaching white spot; back of this a series of about 
a dozen small black specks, scattered along side above lateral line to near end of dorsal fin; median 
line of snout and head blue; dorsal pale, with wavy yellow cross-lines, pinkish toward margin; caudal 
pale; anal pale, with about a dozen pale yellow crossbars; pectoral and ventrals pale; iris yellow and 
red*. 
Color in alcohol, creamy yellowish white; head somewhat orange on cheek and opercles; faint 
rosy lines downward from eye to mouth and on preopercle; median line of anterior profile bluish; 
middle of back with a large black or brownish black blotch lying on lateral line, beneath which is a 
large white blotch under and above pectoral fin; anterior part of spinous dorsal blackish at edge, the 
color ocellated, rest of dorsal yellowish white with narrow purplish cross-lines; anal similar, with a 
large jet-black spot on last 4 rays; caudal color of soft dorsal; pectoral and ventrals yellowish w hite. 
One of the female cotypes (No. 03372) is pale olivaceous, the general color that of the male; dorsal 
with black spots on membranes of second, third to fourth, and eighth spines, the latter ocellated; a 
series of about a dozen small black spots back of the dorsal blotch on side above lateral line; no black 
spot on anal. 
The differences in coloration are very marked in the 2 sexes. The male, in all specimens exam¬ 
ined. has the jet-black spot upon the last rays of the anal, and this is not present in any of the females 
examined. The female always has a series of small black specks on the side above lateral line poste¬ 
rior to the large lateral blotch. These markings, the small black spots on the side of the female and 
the large jet-black spot on the anal of the male, would apparently always serve to distinguish the 
sexes. The extent of variation in color among individuals of the same sex is indicated in the color 
descriptions given above. We should have added that occasionally there is a small jet-black spot upon 
the last rays of the dorsal. 
