FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
377 
teeth rather firm, forming a narrow brush-like series in each jaw; eye large, round, anterior; inter¬ 
orbital broad, convex; nostrils large, close together in front of eye, anterior circular; dorsal spines 
strong, sharp pointed, fourth very long, produced in a slender filament, longer than entire length of 
fish; fifth dorsal spine longer than others; middle dorsal rays longest; second anal spine very large, 
equal to third, which is rather slender, 1.7 in head; fourth anal ray longest, 1.35; caudal small, prob¬ 
ably truncate; pectoral pointed, upper rays longest, equal to head; ventral pointed, spine large, strong, 
long, length of tin equal to head; caudal peduncle small, compressed, its least depth nearly 3 in head; 
scales long, ctenoid, those on head above and basal portions of vertical fins very small; rows of scales 
curved up above lateral line in front, those on middle of side nearly horizontal; lateral line strongly 
arched, then running down on middle of side of caudal peduncle to caudal. Described from an exam¬ 
ple (No. 03531) taken at Honolulu. 
Color in alcohol (No. 03531 ) 6.5 inches long, ground-color white, head and snout above brownish; 
a broad blackish-brown vertical band from before and including first 4 dorsal spines, down over side, 
including also posterior margin of opercle, base of pectoral, belly, and ventrals, then extending on 
each side of vent out along spinous anal to second anal ray; another broad blackish-brown band 
beginning at tip of fifth, including next 3 spines, extending down on side obliquely backward till it 
includes last half of soft anal. 
We have examined 4 examples, all from Honolulu, 1 of them collected by Doctor Jenkins. These 
are 4.5 to 7.25 inches long. Also obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu, where the species is rather 
rare. 
. Ch<etodon acuminatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 272, 175S, Indies; after Chotiodon fascia-fusca Linnaeus, Mus. Ad. Fr. 
Chsetodon macrolepidotns Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 27-1. 1758 (after Artedi); Bloch. Ichth., VI, 50, PI. CC, fig. 1. 178, 
(India). 
Ch&todon bifasciatus Shaw, Genl. Zool., IV, 342, 1803, Indian Seas. 
Heniochus macrolepidotus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 93, 1831; Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 82, pi. 
xliv, fig. 1. 1844 (Nagasaki); Richardson, Ichth, China, 246, 1846 (East Indian Archipelago); Gunther, Cat., II, 39. 
1860 (Ceylon, Amhoyna, Port Essington); Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 48, taf. xxxvii, 1874; Day, Fish. India, 110; 
pi. 28, fig. 3, 1875; Steindachner & Doderlein, Fische Japans, II, in Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XLVIII, 1884 (Kochi); 
Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 475 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 532 
(Honolulu). 
Heniochus acuminatus , Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 98, 1831. 
Chcetodonmycteryzans Gronovv, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 76, 1854. 
Taurichthys macrolepidotus, Bleekcr. Atlas, IX, Chset., 29, pi. v, fig. 1, 1877-78 (Sumatra, Pinang, Celebes, Singapore, Java, 
Sumbawa, Luzon, New Guinea, etc.). 
Genus 177. HOLACANTHUS Lacepede. 
Body oblong or elevated, rather robust; scales rather small, roughish, often mixed with smaller 
ones; vertical limb of preopercle with seme, large or .small; a strong spine at angle of preopercle, 
this usually grooved; dorsal tin with 12 to 15 strong spines, which are usually graduated, increasing 
in height to the last; soft dorsal moderate, with 17 to 20 rays, usually not ending in streamers; 
coloration usually brilliant and well defined. Species numerous in all tropical seas, abounding about 
the coral reefs. 
Holacanthus LacCpMe, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 525, 1803 ( tricolor ; scales large; caudal forked). 
Genicanthus Swainson, Class. Fishes, II, 212. 1839 ( lamarcki ; scales large; caudal forked). 
Centropyge Kaup, Wiegmann’s Archiv, XXVI, 1860,138 (libicen: erroneously said to have 4 anal spines). 
Chxtodontoplus Bleeker, Archiv Need. Sci. Nat., XII, 1877, 19, 20, 26 ( mesoleucus; isthmus broad). 
Acanthochxtodon Bleeker, op. cit., 19 (lepidolcpis; isthmus narrow; body elevated). 
ArigfMchthys Jordan & Evermann, Check List Fishes, 420, 1896 ( ciliaris ). 
a. Soft dorsal and anal rounded or with very wide angle, tips of middle rays not reaching much, if any, beyond base of 
caudal; preopercular spine not nearly reaching posterior base of pectoral. 
b. Suborbital without conspicuous spines; scales comparatively small, about 48 to 50 longitudinally. 
c. A broad dark band running from eye to posterior edge of soft dorsal; no crossbars on body. arcuatus , p. 378 
cc. No broad band as above; curved dusky crossbars on body, in pairs, separated by coppery or light-colored inter¬ 
spaces. bisjnnosus, p. 378 
65. Suborbital with 3 prominent spines; scales large, about 28 longitudinally. fisheri , p. 379 
aa. Soft dorsal and anal with middle rays produced, those of dorsal somewhat filamentous, nearly or quite reaching tip 
of caudal; anal forming a sharp angle; preopercular spine nearly or quite reaching posterior base of pec¬ 
toral; body black and yellow, the colors massed; scales 45. bicolor, p. 380 
