FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
379 
and at its angle a long, stout, somewhat curved spine, reaching nearly to under base of pectoral, at 
base or in front of which are 1 or 2 short spines or cusps. 
Body ground-color in alcohol, yellowish white, crossed by 8 pairs of narrow brown bars, separated 
by a distance about equal to the interspace between the pairs of bars, the widest bar about 2 in eye, 
extending on spinous dorsal and anal, the anterior pair beginning immediately in front of spinous 
dorsal, running downward and forward about halfway to the lateral line, then abruptly bending and 
running straight to upper end of gill-opening, the anterior brown bar there terminating, or continuing 
as a bluish brown margin to opercle, the posterior of the pair passing under the membranous pro¬ 
longation of the opercle to top of base of pectoral, beginning again at lower base of pectoral or axil, 
and running downward and backward to side of belly, ending before reaching tip of ventral spine, the 
interspace being bluish white rather than yellowish like the others; the next 5 pairs, beginning as a 
single bar upon the spinous dorsal, running thereon very obliquely downward and forward, separating 
and bending abruptly at the base of the fin; second pair extending downward and forward to lateral 
line, thence nearly vertically to upper pectoral ray, from there curving backward to front of first anal 
spine; the third pair in a similar manner ending at front of soft anal, the bars coalescing just before 
reaching the fin; the fourth pair with less forward curve on body, the others almost straight with 
somewhat backward and downward direction, ending at base of soft anal, the interspace of the seventh 
beginning on front of soft dorsal as a jrale blue bar running downward and backward, the brown bars 
on anal coalescing and curving forward almost parallel with the body outline; the eighth pair crossing 
caudal peduncle coalescing above and below; the ninth hardly distinguishable as a pair crossing 
caudal peduncle at base of caudal fin; soft dorsal black with many small pale blue spots; soft anal 
with 5 dirty bluish and 6 yellowish olive longitudinal alternating bars, curving and following in a 
general way the outline of the fins, the fin with a very narrow blackish border; caudal abruptly pale 
yellow; pectoral and ventral pale, outer ray of latter slightly dusky; breast and belly plain pale 
yellowish brown; head in front and above eyes black, dark brown on sides, becoming lighter 
beneath; beginning immediately in front of spinous dorsal a narrow pale blue bar running directly 
forward along ridge of back, bordered by narrow dusky margins, on one side just before reaching 
occiput bending somewhat abruptly downward to upper posterior margin of eye, thence becoming 
brighter with still narrower borders passing around edge of orbit to about the lower middle, then 
extending a short distance on suborbital; on the other side of head a similar bar beginning with 2 
short branches on occiput following the other eye in the same manner; these bars connected by a 
narrow light blue bar following upper edge of orbit to about its middle, thence arching over frontal 
region; a single light blue bar between eyes in front extending straight to upper lip on top of snout; 
margin of preopercle light blue. 
Another specimen 8 inches long differs in having a longer preppercular spine and shorter ventral 
fins, the tips reaching only to vent, and also slightly in the markings; margin of anal bright blue 
instead of black, and the olive bars on that fin darker; postorbital bars not connected, there being 2 
wavy pale blue lines, one beginning on nape and running to upper front of eye, the other beginning on 
occiput and running to upper front of other eye; besides the median interocular and nasal bar there 
are several small light blue spots, one above each nostril, and one just above upper end of blue line. 
Hawaiian Islands (Gunther); not seen by us; the above description and plate from Samoan 
specimens. 
Holacanthus diacanthus , Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., II, 1857, 57, (Amboyna); not of Gunther. 
Holacanthus bispihosus Gunther, Cat., II, 48, 18(10, Amboyna (after Bleeker); Gunther, Fisclie der Siidsee, II, 51, taf. lvi, 
fig. C, 1874 (Sandwich Islands). 
307. Holacanthus fisheri Snyder. Plate 46, fig 2. 
Head, measured to end of opercle, 3.4 in length (to base of caudal fin); depth 2.1; depth of 
caudal peduncle 8.3; eye 3 in head; snout 2.5; interorbital space 3.1; D. xiv, 15; A.17; scales 28,-21. 
Suborbital with 3 prominent spines which curve downward and backward; lower or anterior one very 
small, in some specimens preceded by a fourth minute spine; the upper or posterior 2 about equal 
in length to diameter of pupil; preopercle with a strong, slightly curved spine at its angle, which 
extends to a vertical through posterior border of opercle, excluding the flap; length of Spine 3 in 
head; margin of preopercle above spine with sharp denticulations; lower spine with 2 small spines, 
the upper of which is the larger; opercular spines not grooved; interopercle with denticulations; teeth 
