384 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
/. Pectoral fin uniformly dusky, without pale or yellow edge; dorsal rays 27; anal 25. umbra, p. 387 
ff. Pectoral broadly margined with pale yellowish white; dorsal rays 26; anal 24. 
g. Dorsal and anal blackish, without longitudinal bands; eye small, 5.4 in head. maUrides, p. 387 
gg. Dorsal and anal with 4 broad deep longitudinal bands; eye large, 3.5 in head. guntheri, p. 388 
ee. Black spot at base and axils of last rays of dorsal and anal; body not so deep, depth 2.8 in length 
. dov.galus, p. 389 
dd. Side with longitudinal lines or cross-bands. 
h. No black spot at base and axils of last dorsal and anal rays, or no saddle-like blotch on caudal peduncle 
i. Side with many wavy more or less longitudinal lines; no vertical bands and no white spots on posterior 
part of body and fins; body comparatively shallow (depth 1.9 to 2); interorbital comparatively 
narrow (2.65 to 3.2 in head). 
j. Head comparatively short, 4 in length; interorbital rather wide (2.65 in head); dorsal rays 25; anal 
24 . xanthopierus , p. 389 
jj. Head longer, 3.35 in length; eye smaller, 4.5 in head; interorbital narrower, 3.2 in head; dorsal rays 
27; anal 26; caudal with dark spots . duesumieri, p. 390 
if. Side without wavy longitudinal lines, but with pale vertical bands, and white spots posteriorly; body 
deeper, depth 1.4 in length; interorbital wider, 2.25 in head . guttalus, p. 392 
hh. Black spot at bases and axils of last dorsal and anal rays, or else a saddle-like blotch on caudal peduncle. 
k. Body without black crossbars; dorsal rays 27; anal 25. atravitntatus , p. 393 
kk. Body with black crossbars. No black spot on last rays and axils of dorsal and anal, but a black 
saddle-like blotch on caudal peduncle; dorsal rays 25; anal 22 . sandviccnsis, p. 394 
310. Hepatus achilles (Shaw). “ Pa kui kui .” Plate LVIII. 
Head 3.5 in length; depth 1.8; snout 1.35 in head; eyed; interorbital 2.65; D. ix, 32; A. in, 27. 
Body rather deeply ovoid, greatest depth at middle of pectoral; head deep, compressed, upper 
profile rather strongly and evenly convex; jaws slightly produced, lower inferior; mouth small; teeth 
broad, forming sharp, cutting crenulate edge; margin of preopercle very oblique, angle falling below 
anterior margin of eye; interorbital space moderately elevated, somewhat broad, roundly convex; 
nostrils round, close together in front of eye, anterior with small fleshy flap; dorsal, spines graduated 
to last, which is longest, 1.8 in head; dorsal rays of uniform height except last few, sixth ray 1.5; third 
anal spine longest, 2.25 in head; seventh anal ray 1.5; pectoral 3.-25 in body; ventral pointed, 1.1 in 
head; ventral spine small, sharp pointed, 2.8; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.35 in head; caudal 
broad, upper and lower rays produced in a point, margin of fin straight in middle; scales very small, 
crowded, ctenoid; lateral line concurrent with dorsal profile of trunk; caudal spine depressible in 
groove, 3 in head. 
Color in life (field No. 03511) dark brown, nearly black, a light blue ring around chin, and spot 
of same color on opercle at angle of gill-opening; large patch on side including caudal spine rich orange; 
a narrow line on body, below base of dorsal, and another above base of anal, light blue; dorsal dark 
brown, nearly black, with an orange tinge, base narrowly scarlet at first, the color widening posteriorly; 
anal similar to dorsal, base narrowly scarlet for nearly whole length; caudal black on basal portion, 
upper and lower edge white, margin broadly white posteriorly, a narrow black submarginal crescent, 
before this a broad scarlet patch; pectoral black; ventrals dusky orange at base, anterior edge and 
upper portion light blue, posterior lower half dark brown, nearly black; iris blue with yellow inner 
border. 
Color in life of a specimen (field No. 392) collected by Jordan and Kellogg at Apia in 1902, brownish 
black, paler below; the lateral spot of a vivid scarlet; a bluish white band across lower jaw; front 
profile bright bluish gray, the preorbital and cheeks clear brown; dorsal brownish, becoming orange 
behind, the base of soft dorsal scarlet with a whitish line below, the upper parts blackish and suffused 
with red, the edge narrowly whitish; anal similar, with more black and a much broader edge; caudal 
dusky at base, with concentric crescents of orange, black, and white; ventrals dusky, edged with bluish 
white; a black, vertical line across preopercle; opercle black with a whitish edge. 
Color in alcohol, blackish brown; gill-flap below, large ovoid patch including caudal spine, bases 
of soft dorsal and anal with narrow band broadening out to last rays, and median band on middle of 
caudal creamy yellow; close along bases of soft dorsal and anal a narrow gray white line, deepest 
behind; caudal with narrow blackish submarginal line following outline of fin and inclosing creamy 
white band; a narrow pale blue or slaty band from corner of mouth across chin; pectoral pale slaty; 
ventral with broad slaty blue margin, axil creamy yellow. 
Described chiefly from an example (field No. 05387) taken at Honolulu. 
