FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
445 
This species is closely related to /.. diaphanutn (Bloch & Schneider), of Japan and the East Indies. 
Compared with Japanese examples it differs in having the spines better developed, and in greater 
number, there being 2 on the dorso-lateral ridge, 1 of which is opposite the large median spine, 
the other between the former and the orbital spine; also in having the carapace deeper in the region 
of the ventro-lateral ridge and broader near the anal fin, and the plates posterior to the pectoral less 
granular. The only Hawaiian form with which it might be confused is L. galeodon Jenkins. In 
this species the ventral portion of the carapace is not translucent, the orbital spines are longer and 
project in a more horizontal direction, and there are no spines on the dorso-lateral crest posterior to 
the orbit. 
One specimen, 4.13 inches long, from Laysan Island, collected by Mr. Max Schlemmer, for whom 
the species is named. Type No. 8440, Stanford Univ. Mas. 
Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan & Snyder. Proc. U. s. Nat. Mus... XXVII, 1904, 945, Laysan Island. 
368. Lactoria galeodon Jenkins. “J lakukana.” Fig. 196. 
D. 9; P. 11; A. 8; head 2.8; depth 2; eye 2; snout 4.5; interorbital 1.2. 
Carapace 4-sided; a pair of long, slender, slightly divergent spines in front of eyes, their direction 
slightly upward; a similar pair terminating the lateral ventral angles, horizontal and not divergent; 
middle of back with a strong, compressed, triangular spine, notched on posterior border, slightly 
projecting backward, and resembling a sharp tooth; snout short, the anterior profile concave; dorsal 
lateral angles little convex, the ventral angles more convex, 12 plates along its edge from snout to 
spine; 8 plates in lateral dorsal angle, no spine at its middle; ventral surface with 11 or 12 plates in 
longitudinal median series, 7 in transverse series. 
Color in alcohol, dirty yellowish or olivaceous above; middle of side with a large oblong dark or 
blackish area; ventral surface yellowish. 
This species is closely related to the East Indian species, L. diaphanum (Bloch & Schneider), from 
which it is readily distinguished by the entire absence of median spines on the lateral ventral keel, by 
the longer and straighter frontal and ventral spines, the character of the dorsal spine, and the opaque 
carapace. 
A single example was obtained at Honolulu in 1889 by Doctor Jenkins, and our collection contains 
three small specimens 1 to 1.3 inches long, all from Hilo. We have also examined a painting made 
by Andrew Garrett, preserved in Hilo, the specimen having been taken at Kailua; also a colored 
drawing made at Kailua by Miss Louise Kimball, of Los Angeles. 
The Albatross obtained several specimens at Honolulu from the stomach of a Coruphxna. 
Lactoria galeodon Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII. 1902 (Sept. 23. 1903). 487, fig. 34, Honolulu (type, No. 50717, U. S. 
N. M.); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 535. 
Ostracion diaphanus, Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 517 (Laysan and Hawaii); probably not of Bloch 
& Schneider. 
