FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS 
455 
a. Dorsal fin beginning at the nape, far behind the eye; vomer with teeth. 
b. Body scaly; no free pectoral rays; ventral rays i. 5. 
c. Dorsal spines not produced in long slender free tips. 
d. Dorsal spines 13. 
c. Palatine teeth wanting. Sebastopsis, p. 462 
dd. Dorsal spines 12 (or 11). 
/. Bones of head with large muciferous cavities; lower pectoral rays branched; scales cycloid. Searches, p. 461 
//. Bones of head scarcely cavernous: scales ctenoid. 
g. Scales on top of head ctenoid; cranium as in Sebastcs: palatine teeth present. 
h. Pectoral rays more or less branched below. 
i. Eye with a long cirrus above. Merinthc , p. 461 
ii. Eye without cirrus; air-bladder none. Helicolenus, p. 460 
hh. Pectoral rays all simple. 
j. Dorsal spines subequal. Pontinus, p. 460 
jj. Dorsal with the fourth spine much elevated. Iracundus, p. 470 
gg. Scales on top of head cycloid or wanting; cranium more rough-spinous; no air-bladder so far as known. 
k. Palatine teeth present; preorbital with a hooked spine below. Sebastapistes, p. 455 
kk. Palatine teeth wanting; head still more rough; no hooked preopercular spine. Scorpxnopsis, p. 467 
cc. Dorsal species much produced, with slender free tips. 
I. Pectoral very long, its rays all simple, largely fr_e at tip. Pterjois , p. 463 
II. Pectoral fin moderate, its rays not all simple, none of them much free at tip. Dnidrochirus , p. 465 
aa. Dorsal fin beginning not far behind the eye, the first rays directed forward; scales rudimentary: no teeth on vomer or 
palatines. Txnianotus, p. 471 
Genus 208. SEBASTAPISTES Gill. 
Body oblong, somewhat coin pressed; head large, not much compressed, naked above, and more 
or less uneven, with spinous ridges, often with dermal flaps; preorbital with a stout spine hooked 
downward; mouth large, with bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; scales mostly 
ctenoid, of moderate size, often with skinny flaps; dorsal fin with 12 stout spines; anal with 3 spines, 
the second commonly the longest; pectoral large, rounded, the base usually procurrent; some or all of 
the upper rays divided, the lower simple; ventrals inserted behind pectorals; no air-bladder; vertebrae 
10~b 14=24. Species numerous in the tropical seas; dwarf fishes of singular forms and bright colors, 
very close to Scorpama, but much smaller in size and with a characteristic spine before the eye. 
Sebastapistes Gill in Streets,a Bull. t\ S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 621877, ( guttata ; includes Scorpnna guttata Girard; .S’. strongia 
Cuvier & Valenciennes, and Sebastichthys cyanostigma Blecker). 
a. Body with flap-like dermal appendages. 
b. Middle of upper jaw without cirrus. 
c. Maxillary scarcely reaching beyond posterior edge of eye. ballicui, p. 455 
cc. Maxillary reaching beyond posterior edge of eye. corallicola, p. 4. T 6 
bb. Middle of upper jaw with cirrus. 
d. Dorsal with 10 and anal with 8 soft rays. aspereUa , p. 458 
aa. Body without flap-like dermal appendages. 
r. Supraorbital cirrus absent. 
/. Scales on side of head well developed: scales 42. coniorta, p. 458 
cc. Supraorbital cirrus present; scales 53. galactacma, p. 459 
377. Sebastapistes ballieui (Sauvage). “ Poopa’a.” Plate LXXII. 
Head 2.25 in length; depth 2.4; eye 4.25 in head; snout 3.35; interorbital 5.65; maxillary 1.75; 
mandible 1.75; D. xn, 10; A. hi, 5; P. 16; V. i, 5; scales 7-40-18. 
Body moderately elongate, compressed, greatest depth a little before middle of spinous dorsal; 
back slightly elevated; snout rather short, blunt, rounded; mouth large, oblique; mandible slightly 
produced; maxillary reaching a trifle behind posterior edge of orbit, its distal expanded extremity 1.4 
in eye; lips rather thick, fleshy; teeth fine, in broad bands in jaws; vomer with patch of fine teeth; 
tongue rather thick, rounded, little free in front; eye anterior, nearly in first third of head; interor¬ 
bital space deeply concave; nostrils large, anterior with rather broad fleshy flap, posterior a little the 
« Segregated by Gill “ from their allies by the naked crown and jaws, the spinous armature of the inferior margin of 
the prreorbital, the procurrent bases of the pietoral fins, etc. The genu'; is intermediate between the sebastoid and scor- 
ptenoid genera, and nearly related to Parascorpama Blkr." Scorpxna guttata is a true Scorpirna or rather Pamscorpxna. 
As this species has not the armed preorbital characteristic of Sebastapistes, it is presumable that the diagnosis of Sebasta¬ 
pistes rests oil -S', strongius. 
