FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
161 
Genus 211. MERINTHE Snyder. 
Allied to Helicolenus, but with a long cirrus above the eye; head very long; pectoral rays all simple; 
dorsal spines 12, all low; head moderately armed; scales moderate, ctenoid; side of head scaly; jaws 
naked; teeth on vomer and palatines; gillrakers slender, few in number. 
Merinthe Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish. Conun., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904). 535 ( macrocephala ). 
382. Merinthe macrocephala (Sauvage). “Oopu Icai Xohu.” Plate 55. 
Head 2 in length; depth 2.8; eye 5.5 in head; snout 2.7; interorbital 11.75; maxillary 2.2; D. v 11 , 
11; A. hi, 6; P. 17; V. i, 5; scales 9-52-22. 
Body elongate, compressed, greatest depth about middle of ventral; head very long, a little deeper 
than broad; nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal spines present; no 
coronal spines; 5 long spines across cheek, last forming large broad spine on lower margin of preoperele; 
2 opercular spines; 2 spines directly behind eye; 2 spines on suprascapula; lower margin of preoperele 
with 2 broad spines; snout long; eye rather small, high, anterior; mouth large, a little oblique; 
maxillary long, reaching a little beyond anterior margin of eye, its distal expanded extremity 1.35 in 
eye; lips narrow, flesh} - ; teeth fine, in rather narrow bands in jaws; teeth on vomer and palatine 
similar, V-shaped on former and short straight narrow band on latter; tongue short, triangular, free, 
smooth; branchiostegals 7, large; a round thin fleshy cirrus over each eye, its length much greater 
than eye; dorsal spines strong, sharp pointed, third, fourth, and fifth longest and about equal, 3.75 
in head; penultimate dorsal spine 0.75 in last spine; second dorsal ray longest, 3 in head; first 
anal spine a little less than half length of second spine, which is longest, 3 in head; first anal 
ray longest, 2.8 in head; caudal moderately long, truncate, 2 in head; caudal peduncle compressed, 
depth 4.8 in head; pectoral long, reaching below origin of first soft ray, median rays longest; ventrals 
rather small, 2 in head; spine 3.2 in head; origin of ventral a little in front of that of pectoral or below 
origin of dorsal; scales moderate, ctenoid; snout, jaws, interorbital and preorbital regions, and lower 
surface of head, naked; scales on top of head behind eyes, very small; gillrakers 2^9, broad, 
compressed, equal to longest gill-filaments or 2.8 in eye; lateral line armed with long scutes at first and 
sloping down obliquely to base of caudal. 
Color in alcohol, pale brown, darker or mottled with deep or dusky brown on back and upper 
surface; several short brown lines running from front of lower margin of eye; dorsals, caudal, anti 
pectoral sprinkled with dusky; anal with a few dusky spots. Bright orange red in life and very showy. 
Described from a specimen 10.75 inches long (No. 05301) taken at Hilo; another smaller was 
obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu. Examples recently seen in aquarium at Waikiki. Reaches a 
weight of 4 or 5 pounds. 
Sebastes macrocephahts Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philo. (7), VI. 1882,169, Sandwich Islands. 
Merinthe macrocephala, Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 535 (Honolulu). 
Genus 212. SETARCHES Johnson. 
Head and body compressed; head scaleless above, its bones cavernous, flat between the eyes; only 
1 pair of spines at occiput; no transverse groove at occiput, only small spines or none above orbit; oper- 
cle and preoperele strongly armed with straight long spines. Eye moderate, near, but not touching, 
profile. Mouth terminal, broad, somewhat oblique; maxillary extending to posterior edge of eye, 
much expanded behind. Lower jaw somewhat projecting, the small symphyseal knob received in 
rostral notch. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines. Preorbital with 2 or 3 spines. Opercle 
scaly. Scales cycloid, moderate. Lateral line a broad, scaleless groove with skinny (about 27 to 30) 
tubes. No lacinke. Dorsal deeply notched, with 12 spines, its origin in front of pectoral; soft dorsal 
shorter, the rays fewer than the spines. Anal inserted under end of dorsal, its spines strong, gradu¬ 
ated. Pectoral broad and bony, with 20 or more rays, of which a considerable number of median ones 
are branched. Branchiostegals 0 or 7. Pyloric appendages few. Deep water. 
The single Hawaiian species (S. remiger) of this genus is fully described in Section II. 
Setarches Johnson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1862, 177 ( guntheri ). 
Bathysebastes Steindachner & Doderlein, Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1884, 207 {alf)escens). 
