FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
471 
elsewhere; opercle and upper part of cheek with rudimentary embedded scales; jaws naked; top oi 
head scaleless, occiput covered with thin skin and scarcely depressed; gillrakers very short, thiekish, 
and feeble, all but about 6 reduced to mere rudiments; no slit behind last gill; body covered with 
small, close-set scales, which are slightly ctenoid; scales on nape small, on breast minute; lateral line 
conspicuous, provided with dermal flaps; numerous scattered flaps on sides of body. 
Dorsal fin very deeply notched, the spines rather slender, pungent, the first a little longer than 
eye, the second and third subequal, about half longer, the fourth greatly elevated, 1.5 in head, almost 
twice height of third and fifth, which are subequal; sixth, seventh, and eighth slightly longer than 
fifth, tenth very short, eleventh half length of fourth; soft dorsal high, the longest rays nearly half 
head; rays of all the fins scaleless; caudal long, rounded, 1.4 in head; anal high, the spines graduated, 
the third a little longer than second, which is 2.(1 in head; longest soft rays 1.8 in head; pectoral with 
the rays all simple, the longest 1.2 in head, lowest rays shortened and thickened; ventral tins inserted 
below' axis of pectoral, rather long, 1.6 in head, not quite reaching anal, inner rays well free. 
Color,-pale in alcohol, doubtless vermilion red in life, the flaps on body pinkish; a single jet-black 
spot about half diameter of pupil near tip of membrane between second and third spines of dorsal. 
The only examples known are the type, No. 50886, I'. 8. N. M. (field No. 635), a specimen 4.2 
inches long, taken by us on the coral reef at Honolulu, and a specimen 3.9 inches long recently obtained 
by Mr. Berndt at Honolulu. 
Tracundussitrnifer Jordan & Evermann, Bull. IT. s. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 ( July 9, 1903), 210, Honolulu. 
Genus 218, TiENIANOTUS Lacepede. 
Head and body high, strongly compressed, with rudimentary scales, which are concealed upon the 
skin; the skin roughened; mouth oblique, moderately wide; jaws with a band of velvet-like teeth; 
vomer and palatine without teeth; several of the bones of the head armed with prominent spines. 
D. xi or xii, 10 to 12; A. in, 6; dorsal fin very high; no pectoral fin appendages. 
Small fishes, which are rare in the Eastern Archipelago and in the South Sea. 
Tumianotus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 304. 1802 ( triamnthux ). 
Les Tienianotcs Cuvier A Valenciennes, Hist. N'at. Poiss., iv, 371, 1829. 
T&nianatvs Agassiz, Norn. Zool. Index, 300, 1846 (corrected spelling i. 
391. Tsenianotus garretti Gunther. 
D ; xi, 12; A. m, 6. Of this species I have only the drawing by Mr. Garrett; it appears to be 
different from Txnianotm trkicantkus, not alone in the somewhat different fin formate, but on account 
of the much shorter second dorsal spine, which equals the length of the third; the membrane betw een 
tile dorsal and anal fin is also much shorter. (Gunther probably means the membrane between the 
dorsal and caudal, a statement which is not borne out by his drawings; the shape of the head was 
probably not drawn quite true to nature.) Color (in plate) pink, the belly bluish, with white spots; 
fins pinkish, mottled with darker. (Gunther.) 
Toenianotiis garretti Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, iii, S3, pi. 57, lig. fj. 1874, Sandwich Islands. 
Family LXXXV1. BEMBKID/E. 
Head not very depressed, armed and scaly on the sides; body covered with rather small scales; 
2 dorsals of nearly equal development, the first with 9 to 11 spines; ventrals thoracic, but inserted a 
little before the pectorals, with 5 soft rays and 1 spine; no pectoral appendages; villiform teeth in 
jaws, on the vomer and the palatine bones; 7 branchiostegals; air-bladder none. 
The single Hawaiian genus and species of this family are fully described in Section II. 
Family LXXXV11. PEIHSTEDIID.-E. The Deep-water Gurnards. 
Body elongate, fusiform, covered with bony plates, each of which is armed with a strong spine; 
head bony; each preorbital produced into a long flat process, which projects more or less beyond the 
mouth; mouth small, inferior, like that of a sturgeon; teeth none; lower, jaw provided with barbels; 
gill-membranes separate, narrowly joined to the isthmus anteriorly; gillrakers slender. Dorsal fin 
