504 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Color in life (No. 03552), spots brown with yellowish tinge, interspaces whitish; brown spots on 
dorsal, caudal and pectoral surrounded by yellow; anal rays with bluish tinge. 
Color in alcohol pale grav-brown, head, anterior part of body, and fins with small round dark- 
brown spots, those on opercle, in front of pectoral, and on belly, large; caudal with spots arranged in 
6 cross series; side with 5 broad bands of dark-brown blotches. 
Honolulu, not common. We have 2 examples, and Jenkins obtained 12. Length 2.2 to 4.6 inches. 
Salarias brevis Kner, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LYIIJ. 1868, 334, faf. 6, fig. IS: Giinther, Fisehe der Siidsee, IV. 203, taf. 18, fig. 
C, 1877; Jenkins, Bull. V S. Fish Comm.. XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 506 (Honolulu): Fowler, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 1900, 518 (Honolulu). 
Blennius brcripinnis Gunther, Cat.. III. 226. 1861, Sandwich Islands; west coast of Central America; Gunther, Fischeder 
Siidsee, II, 194,1877 (west coast Isthmus of Panama; Sandwich Islands); the Hawaiian references erroneous, as 
brevipinni s is a Panama species and does not occur in Hawaii. 
Salarias leopard us Day, Proc. Zool, Soe. Lond. 1869, 518. dredged off Galle Harbor by Dr. J. Anderson. 
Blennius leopardus, Day, Fishes of India, 325, pi. lxviii, fig. 6, 1878 (specimen in the Berlin Museum from the Sandwich 
Islands). 
Group OPHIDiOIDEA. 
This group, as a whole, agrees with the Biennia idea in all respects, except that no spines are 
developed in any of the fins, save sometimes in the posterior part of the dorsal. From the 
Anacanthini, with which the Ophidioidea agree in the jugular ventrals and in the absence of spines, 
they are separated by the form of the hypercoracoid, which is perforate, as in ordinary fishes. The 
group is a very large and varied one, widely distributed in all seas. The characters here used are all 
superficial, no comparative study of the skeletons having been made. 
a. Pseudobranehise well developed, very rarely small or obsolete. 
b. Ventral fins jugular, inserted much behind the eye, often wanting, never filamentous. 
c. Gill-membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; ventrals wanting . Congrogadidse, p. 504 
aa. Pseudobranehia? absent or rudimentary. 
d. Ventral fins entirely wanting; no scales. 
- e. Vent at throat . Fierasfcridzc, p. 505 
ee. Vent normal in position. Lycodapodtdae , p. 506 
dd. Ventral fins well developed; vent posterior, normal; dorsal fin single, low; ventral fins short . Brotididx, p. 506 
ddd. Ventral fins reduced to simple fi'aments . Ateleopidse, p. 506 
Family XCVII. CONGROGADIDjE. 
Body elongate, compressed, naked, or covered with very small scales. Head compressed. Mouth 
moderate, horizontal, the lower jaw the longer; teeth moderate, no barbels. Gills 4, a slit behind the 
fourth; pseudobranebiae present. Gill-membrances more or less broadly connected, free from the 
isthmus. Dorsal fin long and low, beginning near the tip of the pectoral or the middle of body', of 
slender, jointed rays; anal similar to dorsal, both connected with the caudal fin; tail tapering; pectoral 
fins small; ventral fins wanting. Vent remote from the head, without papilla. Vertebrae numerous. 
As here understood, this family consists of a few species of shore fishes of the Pacific. 
Genus 251 CONGROGADUS Gunther. 
Body elongate, compressed, eel-like, covered with very small scales; vertical fins united, long; 
ventrals none. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width, with the lower jaw prominent. Jaws with a 
single series of small teeth, closely' set; palate smooth. Branch iostegals 6; gill-openings of moderate 
width, gill-membranes united below the throat, not attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind 
the fourth; pseudobranchiae well developed. Vent remote from the head. Air-bladder and pyloric 
appendages none. 
Machxrium Richardson. Ann. A- Mas. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, 175; preoccupied. 
Confiror/adm G it other, Cat.. IV, 388. 1862 ( mbducens ). 
422. Congrogadus marginatus Vaillant & Sauvage. 
Head 6.5 to 7 in total length; 40 teeth in each jaw, those of the middle of the upper jaw longer 
than the others and curved backward; insertion of dorsal above base of pectoral; vent considerably 
nearer snout than end of body. 
