FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
507 
together, very slender, each of 2 rays separated at the tip. Eight branchiostegals. Air-bladder large, 
with 2 horns posteriorly. One pyloric coecum. Vertebne 16+39=55. Tropical. 
Brotula Cuvier, Regne Animal, 2d ed., II. 335, 1S29 (barbata). 
a. Upper jaw with 6 barbels; interorbital narrower than eye. marginalis, p. 507 
aa. Upper jaw with s barbels; interorbital equaling eye. multicirrata, p. 508 
424. Brotula marginalis Jenkins. Fig. 225. 
Head 4.9 in length; depth 5.75; eye 4.75 in head; snout 4.25; interorbital 6.5; maxillary 2.1; I >. 
121; A. 100; C. 11; I\ 24; V. 2; scales 12-160-32. 
Body elongate, compressed, rather deep; head elongate, small, compressed, attenuated, its depth 
1.5 in length, width 2; upper profile of head slightly convex from snout to occiput; snout a trifle larger 
than eye, conic; mouth large, oblique, jaws nearly equal, and maxillary reaching nearly to posterior 
margin of eye; upper edge of maxillary slipping under broad orbital bones, its distal expanded 
extremity about equal to eye; lips rather thick and fleshy, upper with 4 long barbels and 2 small 
ones; mandible with 6 rather long barbels; each posterior nostril with a barbel, and anterior with 
short flap; teeth in jaws minute, in narrow bands; vomer and palatines with bands of minute teeth; 
tongue thick, sharply pointed, free in front; two posterior nasal apertures, the anterior with a long 
barbel, the posterior circular; interorbital space and top of head convex; gill-opening large, isthmus 
narrow grooved; gill rakers short; compressed, few developed; pseudobranch i;e and gill-filaments 
Fig. 225 . — Brotula marginalis Jenkins; from the type. 
fine, numerous; opercle with a sharp spine above; dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, tlie latter 
rounded; origin of dorsal about over lirst quarter of pectoral, gradually sloping up in height; pectoral 
short, rounded, 2 in head; ventral bifid, compressed, 2.1 in head, and free portion of outer ray equal 
to remaining joined portion; height of dorsal and anal in middle about equal to eye; body covered 
with small cycloid scales, extending out on the fins where they are very minute; head scaled except 
on lips, maxillary, throat and branchiostegal membrane; lateral line superior, running along upper 
part of side to base of caudal, tubes far apart, distributed generally 2 or 3 scales distant from one 
another. 
Color in life, raw umber, paler toward belly, head slightly darker; pectoral at base same as general 
color, outer half lighter; anal at base same color as rest of body, nearly black along outer portion, and 
with a narrow white edge; caudal slightly darker than general color; dorsal same as caudal; eye blue. 
Color in alcohol, rich dark brown, the pigment easily slipping from scales, which when thus 
exposed are white; vertical fins dark gray brown, becoming blackish toward margin, which is nar¬ 
rowly whitish; pectoral brownish on middle basal portion, outer part pale brown; lips brownish with 
blackish tinge on side; lower surface of head more or less whitish, especially along branchiostegals. 
Described from the type (field No. 03388) taken at Honolulu. Other specimens were obtained 
by the Albatross. 
Brotula marginal is Jenkins, Bull. I*, s. Fish Comm. 1S99 (June \ 1901), 103, tig. 10, Honolulu (type, No. 1969-1, C. S. Nat. 
Mus.); Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 510 (Honolulu, type); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan.19, 
190-1), 536 (Honolulu). 
