508 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
435. Brotula multicirrata Vaillant & Sauvage. 
Head 5 in total length; depth 5; interorbital equaling eye; snout a little longer than eye; maxil¬ 
lary reaching line of posterior edge of orbit; teeth villiform, uniform in size; palatine band short, 
oval; opercle terminated by a rather strong spine; 6 barbels on mandible, 8 on the upper jaw; dorsal 
inserted above middle of pectoral; distance of anus from head greater than length of head; pectoral 
rounded, 2 in head; ventral filaments bifid at the end, 2 in head; scales rather large; lateral line little 
marked. 
Close to B. ma!tibarbata, distinguished by the position of the dorsal and the number of barbels. 
Known from the original description, and from specimens collected by J. K. Townsend and now 
in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. Another specimen was recently received by the Bureau 
of Fisheries from Air. Berndt at Honolulu. 
Brotula multicirrata Vaillant & Sauvage, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3), HI, 1875, 282. Sandwich Islands; Jordan .t Snyder, Proe. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 946 (Honolulu). 
Brotula townsendi Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat, Sci. Phila. 1900, 518, pi. xx, tig. 3, Sandwich Islands (Type, No. .8981, Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila.). 
Suborder ANACANTHINI. — The Jugular Fishes. 
Vertical fins very long, destitute of true spines; tail isocercal, the posterior vertebra; progressively 
smaller; ventrals jugular, without spines; hvpercoracoid typically without perforation or foramen; no 
pseudobranehise. The osteological characters of this group, called by him Gadbi&ea , are thus given 
by Doctor Gill; 
“Jugulares with the orbito-rostral portion of the cranium longer titan the posterior portion, the. 
cranial cavity widely open in front; the supraoccipital well developed, horizontal and cariniform 
behind, with the exoccipitals contracted forward and overhung by the supraoccipital, the exoccipital 
condyles distant and feebly developed, with the hypercoracoid entire, the hypocoracoid with its 
inferior process convergent toward the proscapula, and the fenestra between the hypercoracoid and 
hypocoracoid.” (Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 170.) 
A large and important group, chiefly confined to the cold depths of the ocean and the northern 
seas. From all other typical fishes they are separated by the entire hypercoracoid. 
a. Caudal fin present; tail not greatly elongate; body tapering or coniform behind, with many procurrent caudal rays 
above and below; suborbitals moderate. 
b. Frontal bones normal, not forming a triangular excavated area above; ribs normal; chin with a barbel (rarely obso¬ 
lete) . Gadidx, p. 508 
an Caudal fin wanting; tail very long, tapering behind; suborbitals very broad.. Macrourulx . p, 509 
Family III. U.ADlIbF. The Codfishes. 
Body more or less elongate, the caudal region moderate, coniform behind, and with the caudal rays 
procurrent above and below; vent submedian; suborbital bones moderate; scales small, cycloid; mouth 
large, terminal; chin with a barbel, more or less developed; gill-openings very wide; gill-membranes 
separated or somewhat united, commonly free from the isthmus; no spines, the fin rays all articulated; 
dorsal fin extending almost the length of the back, forming 1, 2, or 8 fins; anal fin long, singled or 
divided; caudal fin distinct, or confluent with the dorsal and anal; ventral fins jugular, but attached to 
the pubic bone, each of 1 to 8 branched rays; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; no pseudobranchise; 
edge of preopercle usually covered by skin of head; pyloric cueca usually numerous, but sometimes few 
or none; air-bladder generally well developed. Genera about 25, species about 140; an important 
family, many of its members being highly valued as food; inhabiting chiefly the northern seas, some¬ 
times venturing into the oceanic abysses. One genus (Lota) is confined to the fresh waters. 
a. Ventral fins rather broad, each of about (» rays . A rUimora, p. 508 
an. Ventral fins very slender, each of 1 or 2 rays. Lmnonema, p. 509 
Genus 255. ANTIMORA Gunther. 
This group differs from Lepidion in tHe form of the snout, the backward position of the vent, the 
imperfect division of the anal, in which latter respect it approaches Mora. In Lepidion the snout is 
subconical, obtusely rounded; in Antimora it forms a flat, triangular lamina, sharply keeled at the 
