FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
517 
usually with strong teeth; gill-openings comparatively large, in the lower axil of the pectorals; 
pseudobranchise present; gillrakers none; gills 3; skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal 
Haps about the head; spinous dorsal of 3 isolated, tentacle-like spines on the head, and smaller ones 
behind, forming a continuous fin; second dorsal moderate, similar to the anal; pectoral members 
scarcely geniculated, each with 2 actinosts and with elongate pseudobraehia; ventrals jugular, i, 5, 
widely separated, large, much enlarged in the young. Young with the head spinous; pyloric cceca 
present. Two genera, with 4 or 5 species, living on sea bottoms, at moderate or great depths; 
remarkable for their great voracity. 
Genus 264. LOPHIOMTJS Gill. 
This genus is closely allied to Lophiiis in external characters, hut it is strikingly distinguished hv 
the reduced number of its vertebne, which are only IS or 19, a fact associated with its tropical habitat. 
The single Hawaiian species is fully described by Doctor Gilbert in Section II. 
Lophiomus Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 552 (setigerus). 
Family CY1I. ANTEX N AK111)/E. — Frog Fishes. 
Head and body more or less compressed; mouth vertical or very oblique, opening upward; lower 
jaw projecting; jaws with cardiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile; gill-openings small, pore-like, 
in or behind the lower axils of the pectorals; no pseudobranehite; gills 2.1 or 3; skin naked, smooth, 
or prickly; pectoral members forming an elbow-like angle; pseudobraehia long, with 3 actinosts; 
ventral fins present, jugular, near together; spinous dorsal of 1 to 3 serrated, tentacle-like spines; soft 
dorsal long, larger than anal; pyloric cceca none. Inhabitants of tropical seas, often living on or among 
floating seaweed, and enabled, by filling the capacious stomach with air, to sustain themselves on the 
surface of the water; therefore widely dispersed by currents in the sea. 
a. Head compressed; a rostral spine or tentacle, followed by 2 larger spines; palatine teeth developed; dorsal spines 
disconnected. 
b. Skin covered with prickles; ventrals short. v . Antcnnarius, p. 517 
on. Head cuboid; a single rostral spine or tentacle received in a groove; soft dorsal low. Chaunax, p. 523 
Genus 265. ANTENNARIUS Commerson. 
Body oblong, compressed, very deep through the occipital region, tapering behind; breast tumid; 
mouth rather large, more or less oblique, or even vertical; cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and pala¬ 
tines; eve small; skin with small granules or spinules, these usually forked, and often with numerous 
fleshy slips; first dorsal spine developed as a small rostral tentacle; second and third dorsal spines 
strong, covered with skin, often with numerous fleshy filaments; soft dorsal high and long; anal short 
and deep; caudal tin rounded, the peduncle free; pectoral fin wide, with a rather wide wrist, at the 
lower posterior angle of which are the very small gill-openings; ventral fins short. Fantastic-looking 
fishes, often gayly colored. Very numerous in warm seas. 
Antcnnarius Commerson in Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 323. 1798; footnote only; not accepted by Lacepede. 
Histrio Fischer, Zoogcosia, 3d cd.. I, 1813. 70. 78. Definition incorrect; through a slip of the pen, “corpus depression ' 
written instead of “ corpus compression.” No type mentioned. Fischer’s Lopliius histrio (Bloch, IV, 10, pi. ext) 
is a true Anteniuirim according to Dr. Gill, probably .1. scabcr. 
Lcs ('hironeetes (Antcnnarius Commerson) Cuvier, Rogue Animal, 1st ed.. I, 310, 1817; Ed. 2d, II, 251, 1829. Chironectes pre¬ 
occupied in mammals by Chironcctcs Illiger, 1811. 
Batrachops Goldfuss, Handbuch Zoologie, 1820 (substitute for Chironcctcs). 
a. Bait long and slender, when depressed reaching middle of second dorsal spine. 
6. Eye comparatively small, about 3.5 in snout. sandviccnsis, p. 518 
bb. Eye larger, about 2.5 in snout. commersonii, p. 518 
c. Anal with 0 rays. leprosies, p. 519 
cc. Anal with 7 rays. laysanus, p. 520 
an. Bait shorter, when depressed not reaching middle of second dorsal spine. 
d. Bait longer than first dorsal spine. 
e. Bait terminated by a filament. bigibbus p. 520 
cc. Bait terminated by a fleshy knob or caruncle. 
/. Second dorsal spine closely bound down to the back, movable only at the tip. (trombus, p. 521 
ff. Second dorsal spine not bound down to the back, movable to an upright position. duescus, p. 522 
dd. Bait not as long as first spine. nexUis, p. 623 
