INTRODUCTION OT ADDITIONAL SPECIES. 
The fresh waters of the Hawaiian Islands are too limited to justify extensive 
experiments in acclimatization. The streams are necessarily short, and during the 
rainy season they become raging torrents, while in the dry season they are either 
totally dry or else a series of stagnant pools. The principal streams are on Kauai, 
Oahu, and Hawaii. The only native fishes in the streams are species of gobies, 
known collectively as oopu, which have some value as food, but which are not highly 
esteemed. Opae, or shrimp, are also abundant. 
The waters among and adjacent to the islands teem with fishes and other deni¬ 
zens of the sea, however, but in spite of this fact numerous efforts have been made 
to introduce additional species. 
Black l>asx. — During the summer of 1897 a number of the citizens of Hilo pro 
cured a shipment of black bass from the California Fish Commission. In October 90 
of them (about 6 inches in length) were shipped from San Fiancisco on a sailing packet, 
and 55 were living when the vessel arrived at Hilo. Through some oversight they 
remained on board several days, 3-1 of them dying in the meantime. The remaining 
21 were at last planted in the Wailuke River near Rainbow Falls, but the next da} T 
there was a heavy freshet in the river, and as the fish were never seen again it is 
supposed they were unable to resist the torrent and were swept out to sea and 
destroyed. 
The large-mouthed black bass would probably thrive in the fresh-water ponds, 
and as these waters are filled with shrimp there would be an abundant food supply for 
them, and the temperature and other conditions would seem to be fairly favorable. 
Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) were introduced some years ago, and are now found on 
the islands of Maui and Kauai. On the former they are quite common in the irri¬ 
gation reservoirs and ditches near Wailuke, where they were first planted, but are 
not often sold, as owing to their muddy flavor they are popular only with the Jap¬ 
anese and Chinese, who catch and eat them. On Kauai they are found in irrigation 
ditches and in a few of the fish ponds, and are sold principally to the Japanese and 
Chinese. 
Cat-fisli. — About 10 years ago the late Charles Arnold, of Hilo, introduced the 
common bullhead (Amdurw nebulosus), which he secured from California and placed 
in various ponds near Hilo, but none has ever been seen since. Another species of 
catfish (Clarias magur) was introduced from China a few years ago and is now occa¬ 
sionally found in the fresh waters near Honolulu. 
China-fish {Oplucepluilus striatus). — This species, brought by the Chinese from 
China, is now fairly common in the vicinity of Honolulu. It is commonly found in 
the irrigation ditches and fresh water ponds and generally sold alive to the Chinese. 
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