532 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
waters of the Pacific coast of the United States, and from California into the Hawaiian Islands, where 
it is now a common fish in the ponds, rice ditches, and more sluggish streams on Oahn and Hawaii. 
Pimdod ,ws nrbiilosux Le Sueur, Mem. Hist. Nat. Paris. V, 119, 1819, Lake Ontario. 
Amittrus ndmtnms. Gill, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII, lstil, 14; .Ionian <fc Evermann, Fishes North A Mid. Arner., 1,11U, 
1896. 
Order EVENTOGNATHI.—The Carps. 
Plectospondvlous fishes with the lower pharyngeal falciform, parallel with the gill-arches; 2 upper 
pharyngeal bones; brain-case produced between orbits; jaws without teeth; dorsal fin present; no 
adipose fin; ventrals abdominal; gill-openings restricted, the gill-membranes attached to the isthmus. 
Streams and lakes of North America, Europe, and .Asia, the species excessively numerous. 
Famil) CVPK1NID/E. The Carps. 
Cvprinoid fishes with the margin of the upper jaw formed by the premaxillaries alone and the 
upper pharyngeal bones well developed, falciform, nearly parallel with the gill-arches, each provided 
with 1 to 3 series of teeth in small number, 4 to 7 in the main row, and a smaller number in the 
others, if more are present; head naked; body scaly except in a few genera; barbels 2 or 4, or absent; 
belly usually rounded, rarely compressed, never serrated; gill-openings moderate, the membrane 
broadly joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals always 3; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; 
pseudobranchia; usually present; no adipose fin; dorsal fin short or elongate; ventral fins abdominal; 
air-bladder usually large, commonly divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe, not inclosed in a 
bonv capsule, rarely wanting; stomach without appendages, appearing as a simple enlargement of the 
intestines. Fishes mostly of moderate or small size, inhabiting the fresh waters of the Old World and 
of North America. 
Genus CARASSIUS Nilsson. 
Body oblong, compressed and elevated; mouth terminal, without barbels; teeth 4-4, molar but 
not compressed; scales large; lateral line continuous; dorsal fin very long, with the third ra.v 
developed into a stout spine, which is serrated behind; anal short, with a similar spine; ventrals well 
forward. Large fishes of the fresh waters of Europe and America. 
t'arassius Nilsson, Prodromus Ichthy. Sound., 1832 (car ass ins i. 
Carassius auratus (Linmeus). Goldfish. 
D. ii, 18; A. ii, 7; scales 26; teeth 4-4. 
Body stout, covered with large scales; dorsal and anal fins with the spines strong, coarsely serrated. 
Coloration olivaceous, usually orange, or variegated in domestication. Length 12 inches. China and 
Japan, and introduced into the Hawaiian Islands. 
We have specimens from Honolulu, Heeia, a stream at Moanalua, and Kilihi Creek. The variat ions 
are innumerable. 
Ci/prinus auratus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 322,1758, China; Japan. 
Carassius auratus, Gunther, Cat., N il, 32, 18<>S. 
Family OPHICEPHALIIhE. 
Body elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical, covered with scales of moderate size; head depressed, 
covered with shield-like, scales superiorly; lateral line with an abrupt cm ve, or subinterrupted; cleft 
of the mouth lateral, wide; teeth in the jaws and on the palate; eyes lateral; gill-opening wide, the gill- 
membranes of both sides joined below the isthmus; 4 gills; pseudobranchue none; a cavity accessory 
to the gill-cavitv for the purpose of retaining water, a superbranchial organ not being developed; air- 
bladder present; one long dorsal and an anal fin, without spines; ventral fins absent, or thoracic, 
and composed of 6 rays, the outer of which is not branched; vertebra' in considerable number (52-61); 
the caudal vertebra; are provided with ribs, the abdominal cavity being continued to below the caudal 
portion. 
