^j^-- ON THE GENEEA. 
The following osteological characters of this group are taken from Eyton's ' Osteologia 
Avium': — 
C^anium more flattened than among the midm, with which they have been classed; no 
foramen in the orbital septum, except that through which the optic nerve passes; the 
channel for the masseter muscles large, extending to the occiput; occipital ridge well 
marked. „ 
Sternum broad; fissures on the posterior margin very deep, extendmg for more than halt 
the length of the sternum; the anterior edge, behind the junction of the coracoids, very 
much prolonged; lateral edges constricted behind the articulation of the ribs, which is very 
far forwards; keel very shallow; inferior edge quite straight; anterior edge also straight, 
produced nearly to the end of the manubrial process. Velms with the ischium slantmg 
very much outwards, the line of demarcation along the junction of the ilium with it nearly 
obliterated: two spines are apparent on its posterior margin, one on its inner edge, the 
other near the centre; obturator foramen similar to that of the Ticidm, but narrower; 
ischiadic foramen also smaller. Bihs narrow ; styliform process very broad ; coracoids longer 
than among the Ficidm ; furculum- weak, the rami merely united by a ligament. Wmg- and 
leg-bones similar to those of the Tiddm. 
The following details of the soft anatomy were entirely taken from the manuscript notes 
of Mr. Brian Hodgson, and, though referring only to North Indian species, are probably 
characteristic of the whole group. 
The stomach is of median subequal thickness, rather muscular, and gizzard-like in form ; 
the intestinal canal is rather short, very capacious and subequal throughout; there are no 
cffica, and the general formation of the intestines seems more adapted for vegetable than 
animal food. The inner coat of the stomach is tough and grooved in the adult bird. The 
orbits are nude, and there is no membrane over the nostril. 
A. POGONOEHYNCHIN^. 
This subfamily has the strong characteristic of toothed bills, which feature makes it easy 
for a naturalist to distinguish species belonging to it at once. Two genera are found in 
Africa ; and the third was discovered, about fifteen years ago, in South America. The former 
have the upper mandible toothed, and the latter the lower one at tip. 
A. Rostro dentato. 
A'. Maxilla dentata. 
A". Pectore setis uigris ornato Tricholama. 
B". Pectore setis hand ornato Pogonorhynchus. 
B'. Mandibulce apice bifurcate Tetragonops. 
1. Genus Trichol^ma. 
Characteristics.— distinguishing feature on which this genus was separated from 
Pogonorhynchus by Verreaux is the long, fine, black bristles, which are formed by the pro- 
