APO 
Order of molucca, in the Linnjean arrangement of 
worms. There are feveral diftin£l fpecies, confi- 
derably varying from one anodier, found on the 
coafbs of the Britifh iflesj which Pennant has dif- 
tinguiflaed by the names of the aculeated, fcaled^ 
pedunculated, annulated, and little. 
The Aphrodita Aculeata is cloathed with fhort 
brown fur on the back ; the fides are covered with 
green hairs, of a very beautiful hue, mixed with 
Hiarp fpinesj and the fkin of the belly is bare. 
The feet are compofed of a fafcicuius of five or 
fix ftrong fpines, which grow to the length of five 
or fix inches ; and of which there are about thirty- 
fix on each fide. 
The Aphrodita Squammata has die back co- 
vered with two rows of large deciduous fcalesj and 
is fomewhat more than an inch in length. 
The Aphrodita Pedunculata is diftinguiflied 
by having two rows of fcaies on the back, placed 
alternately; the mouth is cylindric and proje6ting; 
and the animal is about an inch long. 
The Aphrodita Annulata is of an oblong figure, 
annulated and fmooth, except that a row of fmall 
fpines, one on each annulation, run along the back ; 
it's feet are fmall; it's length is about two inches 
and a quarter; and it's colour is a pale yellow. 
The Aphrodita Minuta is diftinguifhed by the 
minutenefs of it's fcaies, and the flendernefs of it's 
form. It's length is fomewhat lefs than an inch. 
APHUA COBITES. A name fometimes ap- 
plied to exprefs the fifli called in England the fea- 
loach, v/hich is frequently caught in the Mediter- 
ranean feas, and never exceeds three or four inches 
in length. It's body is round, with a little depreffion 
on the back ; and it's colour white, with a varia- 
tion of black fpots dilTeminated over the whole. 
API ARIA. A fly which makes it's appear- 
ance only in autumn, and is commonly found on 
parfley. It is a fpecies of the attelabus ; and is 
furniihed with two wings of a deep fliining black. 
It collefts wax on it's thighs after the manner of 
bees, from which circumftance it receives it's name. 
APIASTER. A name by which fome natu- 
ralifts exprefs the bee-eater, more generally known 
by the appellation of merops. 
APIS, or APES. A genus of four-winged in- 
feds; their wings being entirely membranaceous, 
and their tails furnifhed with ftings. This genus 
comprehends the bee, wafp, hornet, and humble 
bee. 
APIVORUS BUTEO. A title by which fome 
authors exprefs the bird ufiially known in England 
by the name of the honey-buzzard. It is a little 
larger than the com.mon buzzard; it's beak is 
black, aduncated, protuberant in the middle, and 
covered down to the noftrils with a black wrinkled 
fkin; and it's mouth' opens very v/ide, having in- 
ternally a yellowifh hue. This bird either builds 
itfelf a neft of fticks covered with wool, or occu- 
pies the deferted habitation of a kite for the pur- 
pofe of breeding it's young ; which it principjilly 
feeds v/ith the nymphs or magot- worms of bees and 
wafps, and pieces of honey-combs are frequently 
found in the neft; itfelf feeding on newts, frogs, and 
other fmall animals. It is remarkable for running 
fwiftly on the ground; and the female is diftin- 
guifned from the male by being larger, a common 
mark of difcrimination in birds of prey. 
APODES. A title of Greek derivation applied 
by zoologifts to fignify a fabulous kind of birds, 
faid to exift in fome of the oriental iflands; and 
which, being entirely dellitute of feet, fupport 
A R A 
themfelves on the branches of trees by their crook- 
ed bills. The Dutch and Germans have alfo their 
Apodes; a fpecies of birds refembling the common 
fwallow, v/ith legs and feet fo extremely minute, 
as to be rather adapted for creeping than running. 
APODES. One of the four orders of fifhes, ia 
the Linn^an fyftem; comprehending eight genera, 
and twenty fpecies. Their difbinguifliing charac- 
teriftic is, that they are deftitute of ventral fins. 
APPLE FLY. A name ufualiy applied to 
exprefs a fmall green fly found fometimes on the 
rind of an apple, and hatched by a worm, or mag- 
got, which infefts that fruit. 
APTERA. A clafTical name derived from the 
Greek, and ufed to denote that order of infefts 
which have no wings. In the Linnsean fyftem of 
arrangement, they form the feventh order in the 
clafs of infects, comprehending fourteen genera, 
and two hundred and ninety-feven Ipecies. Hili 
fubdivides this feries into two clafl^es ; namely, fucli 
as have neither wings nor legs, to which he gives the 
appellation of Aptera anarthra; and fuch as have 
legs but no wings, which he calls Aptera podaria. 
APUA. The name of a fmall fifh, which fome 
naturalifts have fancifully fuppofed is generated by 
the mud and flime on the lliores; but fach abllird 
conjectures as thele require no confutation. There 
are two fpecies of this fifh; the Apua Vera, and the 
Apua Phalerica. 
APUA MEMPRES. A name by which fome 
denote the common pilchard. 
ARACARI. The name of a Brazilian bird, of 
the woodpecker kind. It's fize is equal 19 that 
of the common green woodpecker; and it has a 
bill four inches long, an inch and a half broad 
or deep, and three finches and a half round in the 
thickeft part, which bends downward, and is 
ftiarp-pointed like a parrot's. The upper mandi- 
ble is larger and longer than the lower one ; and 
borh are deeply ferrated above half way from the 
end. The bill is hollow, and as light as fponge; 
the upper mandible being white, diftinguifhed by 
a black line running along the middle or ridge 
from liead to point, and the lower one wholly 
black. The bill has a triangular form at it's in- 
fertion into the head, where it is furrounded with 
a white line. It's tongue, which is four niches long, 
is black, and has the appearance of being feather- 
ed. It's head, which is not very large, is broad, 
and comprelTed; it's eyes are big, and have black 
pupils, with yellow irides ; and the neck is not 
longer than a parrot's. The body, from the rife of 
the neck to the tail, is about five inches long; the 
tail, which is broad like the woodpecker's, is at 
leaft fix; the thighs are two inches, and the legs 
one inch and a half. The legs and feet, like thofc 
of parrots, are black or dark green, having two 
fore-toes, one longer than the other; and two back- 
toes, likewife of unequal lengths. The claws are 
crooked, and of a dulky or black colour. The 
breaft, and whole lower belly of this bird, are ele- 
gandy cloathed with yellow feathers, mingled v;ith 
pavonine ; and, acrofs the breaft, from one fide to 
the other, there is a broad red line. The back, 
wings, tail, and tliighs, are covered with blackiih 
green feathers, like thofe on the comxmon magpye; 
and the end of the back, above the beginning of 
the tail, is a deep red for a confiderable length. 
The wings, which terminate at the rife of the 
tail, are lined with a dark afh-colour; and the 
infide of the bill is black. .This bird has an odd 
cry, in which it nearly pronounces it's own name, 
* Aracarir 
