A NI 
A N O 
being difpofed in regular circles, and tinged with 
a beautiful variety of bright lively colours, very 
jiearly reprefent the petals of fome of the moft ele- 
gantly fringed and radiated Flowers; fuch as the 
carnation, marigold, and anemonie. 
ANIMALS, AMPHIBIOUS. A term gene- 
rally applied to fignify luch animals as are capa- 
ble of living either on land or in the water; or, as 
fome define it, thofe animals which breathe the air, 
but pafs part of their time in the water, as afford- 
ing them their chief food. The word Amphibious 
is derived from the Greek Amphi, Both ; and Bios, 
Life; from their being qualified to exift both on the 
earth and in the water. Such are the frog, caftor, 
otter, tortoife, fea-calf, alligator, &c. Moft of the 
Amphibious kind, the. caftor and otter excepted, 
have peculiarities in their ftrufture to fit them for 
fituations fo importantly different ; particularly, in 
the heart, lungs, foramen ovale, &c. In fome of 
thefc animals, (the frog and tortoife, for example) 
the heart has but one cavity, with an artery to re- 
ceive the blood coming out of it, and a vein to 
convey it thither. In others, the foramen ovale ap- 
pears to be ftill open for the pafTage of the blood 
from the vena cava to the arteria venofa, without 
the help of breatliing. In the caftor differed by 
the academifts of Paris, though the foramen was 
not found aftuaily open, the marks of it appeared; 
and the caufe of it's being clofed up might well 
enough be accounted for, from the animal's having 
been long kept out of the water. In the otter the 
cafe is different; tiiere being no appearance of any 
thing like a foramen, fb that the creature is under 
a necefTity of occafionally rifing above water to 
take in air. 
The ftruflure of the feet of the caftor at once 
pronounces it Amphibious; the fore-feet being 
formed like thofe of fuch terreftrial animals as hold 
their food in their feet; while the hind-feet are 
fafhioned after the manner of river-fowls, with 
webs or membranes between the toes. 
Many of the fly kinds may be faid, in one fenfe, 
to be Amphibious. Gnats drop their eggs in wa- 
ter; where dieir young are hatched, and live and 
breathe after the manner of fifhes : till, at length, 
undergoing a metamorphofis, they take wing, quit 
their native element, and become inhabitants of 
the air. Even fwallows are by fome writers rang- 
ed under this clafs, from the idea that they have 
been known to pafs the winter aileep under v/ater, 
whence the warmth of the fpring has awakened 
and called them forth. 
The term Amphibious is fometimes alfo extend- 
ed to men who have the faculty of living a long 
time under water. We have many inft'ances of 
fuch Amphibious men ; the moft remarkable is that 
of a Sicilian, named the Fifli Colas ; whom, Kir- 
cher relates, by long habitude from his youth, 
had fo accuftomed himfelf to live in water, thai his 
nature feemed to be quite altered, and he lived ra- 
ther after the manner of a fifti than of a man. 
Buffon, however, has confiderably, and perhaps 
]uftly, narrowed the clafs of Amphibious animals. 
The fole animals, fays this great naturalift, to which 
we can apply this name, in all the rigour of it's 
acceptation, are the feal ; the morfe, or fea-calf ; 
and the manati, or marine ox : becaufe thefe are 
the only ones in which the foramen ovale in the 
heart remains always open, and confequently the 
only ones which can live without refpiration as well 
in the air as in the water. 
Dr. Flunter obferves that, properly fpeaking, 
there are no Amphibious animals; for that Rlh 
cannot live long without air, though much lono-er 
than men. 
Elias Geifsler has written exprefsly on Amphi- 
bious animals ; and Mr. Ottwald, of Dantzick, has 
left behind him anatomical obfervations on the 
fame fubjeft. 
ANOCYSTI. The name of a clafs of the 
echini marini, which have the aperture of the anus 
at the apex of the fhell. Some of thefe approach 
to a hemifpheric, or fpheroidal figure; while others 
are more flat, and bear no inconfiderable refem- 
blance to a fliield. 
ANOLE. A fpecies of lizard common in the 
Weft Indies, where it infefts the houfes and planta- 
tions. It is about the fize of the common Euro- 
pean lizard, but it's head is longer. It's fkin is of 
a yellowifh hue ; and it's back is variegated witli 
green, blue and grey lines, running from the head 
to the tail. It takes fhelter in a hole during the 
night, where it makes a continued and difgufting 
noife; but in the day-time it crawls abroad, and 
is conftantly in motion. 
ANOMIA. A family of fhells whofe charac- 
teriftic is, that they are bivalve, and unequivalve ; 
having one valve perforated near the hinge, by 
which perforation they are affixed to fome other 
body. 
This family has long been known in a foflil 
ftate, and contains a great number of fpecies ; but 
few of them have been particularly defcribed by 
naturalifts, the reft being yet undifcovered recent 
from the fea. 
Columna firft remarked fome fofTil fpecies ; and, 
not finding thefe fpecies mentioned by concholo- 
gifts as fliells, gave them the appellation of con- 
chse rariores Anomia; which term Anomia is now 
become the ftandard name of the family. Several 
fucceeding naturalifts confidered them merely as 
fofTils ; and it is only v/ithin the laft thirty years 
that any recent kinds have been dilcovered. 
Gualtieri, indeed, gives the figures of three re- 
cent kinds, and has made a particular genus of 
them, which he calls terebratula. Flowever, 
he defines them very erroneoufly, as fliells with 
equal valves, and difTimilar fides, of a peculiar 
conftTu6lion, inftead of a beak having a perfo- 
ration, and alfo a fingular articulation or connec- 
tion internally. The celebrated Linnseus, in his 
genus of Anomia, has mixed the recent with the 
fofTil kinds; defcribing them as fiiells v/ith un- 
equal valves, one valve being flattifti, and the 
other convex ; the beak perforated, and the hinge 
inardculate or toothlefs. 
A few recent fpecies only being yet difcovered, 
it is impoflible to be very accurate in the defcrip- 
tionof them. It is, however, pretty evident, that 
the valves of the AnomijE are conne6led together 
in two different ways; and that, inftead of faying 
they are fimply inarticulate, they may more properly" 
be defcribed as being fome joined by an inarticulate 
hinge, and others by a multarticulate one. The 
firft' fet have no teeth or joints on the hinge; bwt 
the upper valve is always indented into a wide 
opening of the larger or under valve, in which it 
plays like a joint when the exigences of the ani- 
mal require it to be opened or fhut; and the feeond 
fet have a vifible and regular multarticulate hinge, 
refembling the multarticulate cockle. 
Froma confiderationofthe depth of the grooves, 
the indentings, and undulated margins, of thefe 
fhells, and of their beaks,, which are perforated or 
tubular 
