ANC 
tinable, tvas foon dilpatched, by ftrlking it on the 
head with large clubs. I then meafured it, and it's 
length was thirty-three feet four inches. Being im- 
mediately cut up, it's flefh appeared whiter than 
veal ; and, from the report of thofe who eat it, was 
far more delicious than any flefh they had ever be- 
fore tailed.' 
ANADROMUS. A term of diftinftion in 
ichthyology, ferving to denote fuch filhes as have 
their ftated periods of going from the frefh-water 
to the fait, and afterwards returning to the frefh- 
water again ; of which kind are many of the trut- 
taceous fpecies. 
The method nature feems to have decreed for 
their courfe of changes feems to be the following : 
they are firft produced from the fpawn in frefli- water 
rivers, where they continue till they arrive at a 
proper fize, and acquire fome ftrength; after which 
they feek the falt-water, in order to feed more at 
large, and attain to their full dimenfions. At this 
period they return to the freflies, to depofit their 
fpawn, that their young brood may have the fame 
advantages of fpending their adolefcent ftate in 
more fecurity; when they again revifit the fea. 
The term is derived from the Greek words. Ana, 
Back again ; and Dromos, a Courfe. 
ANARRHICAS. The Artedian name' of a 
fifh called by others the lupus marinus. In the 
L^innaean fyftem, it is a genus of the order of apodes. 
ANAS. In the Linnsean fyftem, the name of 
a large genus of birds of the general order of an- 
ftres. The diftinguifhing charafter of this genus 
is, tliat the beak is convex, terminating in an ob- 
tufe point; fuchasthefwan, the goofe, the widgeon, 
the duck, &c, 
ANAS CAMPESTRIS. The name of a bird 
common in France, ufually called the tetrax and 
canne petriere. It is of the fize of the pheafant, and 
of the nature of the buflard, having no hinder toe. 
It runs very fwiftly, makes it's neft on the ground, 
and fits in the water after the fame manner as the 
duck, from which circumftance it derives it's name. 
ANATIFERiE CONCHtE. The name of a 
genus of fliells of the multivalve kind. Thefe 
fhells are quinquivalves ; and are compofed of two 
large valves, with two fmaller ones beneath them, 
and a long, narrow, fpur-like valve, which con- 
nefls them, and runs lengthwife. The cabinets of 
tlie curious furnifti only four fpecies of this genus. 
The Latin name Anatifera is derived from the 
fabulous fbory of their becoming geefe; whence, 
aifo, the Englifh name barnacle, as they were fup- 
pofed by our credulous progenitors to breed the 
barnacles or brent-geefe. 
ANCHOVY. A well-known fmall fifh much 
iifed in fauces, as it's name implies both in die 
Spanilh and Italian languages. Scaliger defcribes 
the Anchovy as a fpecies of the herring, about a 
finger's length, having a pointed fnout and a wide 
mouth with ferrated gums inftead of teeth ; others 
make it a fpecies of the fardine or pilchard ; but 
modern naturalifts, with better reafon, efteem it 
a peculiar fpecies, very different from either. 
The genuine Anchovy is caught in prodi- 
gious quantities in the Mediterranean; and parti- 
cularly at Gorgona, a fmall ifland weft of Leghorn. 
It is likewife found on the coafls of Catalonia and 
Provence, and fometimes on the weftern coafls 
of England and Wales, Anchovies are chiefly 
fifhed for in the night; when a light being put on 
the ftern of the fifhing vefTels, ttiey flock round, 
and are taken up with nets. But then it is ^f- 
A N E 
ferted, diough we cannot fay with v/hat degree 
of credibility, that tlie Anchovies taken in diis 
manner are neither fo good, fo firm, nor fo proper 
for keepings as thofe which are caught without tiiat 
expedient. 
When the heads of the Anchovies ai-e cut off, 
and their galls and guts taken oiit, they are faked 
and barrelled. The common way of eating them 
is with oil and vinegar, alter fl:ripping them of 
their bones, fins, and tails. Being put on the fire» 
they diffolve in any liquid; or they may be made 
into fauce, by mincing them with pepper and 
other fpices. Some pickle Anchovies in fnali 
earthen pots of two or three pounds weight, which 
they cover with plaiflrer to preferve them the bet- 
ter. Anchovies fhould be cholen fmalJ; externally 
v/hite, and internally red : they fhould alfo have 
round backs ; fuch as appear flat being only a fub- 
flkution of fardines. Befides thefe qualities, the 
pickle, on opening die barrels, fliould be well- 
tafted, and retain it's original flavour. 
The Anchovy feldom exceeds fix inches in 
length. It's body is flender, but thicker in propor- 
tion than that of the herring ; the eyes are large, 
the irides being white with a yellov/ilh caft. The 
inferior jaw is confiderablyfiiorter than the fuperior; 
the teeth are fmall, one row in each jaw and another 
on the midle of the tongue ; the tongue has a dou- 
ble ciliation on both fides; and die dorfal fin, which 
confifi:s of twelve rays, is placed nearer the head than 
the tail. The fcales are large and deciduous, the 
back is green, and fomewhat pellucid ; the fides and 
belly are filvery, and the tail is bifid. 
ANDIRA, or ANDIRA GUACU. A Bra-^ 
zilian fpecies of bat, the largeft of vv^hich is as big 
as an European pigeon. The Andira are frequently 
called horned bats, from a fort of excrefcence or 
pliant body above their beaks. Some Of them are 
accounted very dangerous ; as they get into cham- 
bers during the night, and open with fo much 
fubtlety the veins in the feet of thofe who are afleep, 
that the mifchicf is not perceived till the eflxirion 
of blood, which it is often difficult to ftop, occa- 
fions a difcovery. The tongues and hearts of thele 
animals -are fuppofed by the natives to pofiefs poi- 
fonous qualities. 
ANDORFIINA. A name by which the Por- 
tuguefe in the Brazils call the Brazilian fwaliow> 
more ufually known by it's Brazilian name tapera. 
ANEMONIES, SEA. A fpecies of the a£H- 
nia; the natural hiflory of which has lately been 
ably elucidated by the Abbe Dicquemarre, who 
has difcovered four or five different fpecies. They 
vaiy confiderably in their fize, fliape, and colour, 
but are generally found to refemble a truncated 
cone: and many of them are of an uniform co- 
lour, while others are flriated v/ith regular, and 
fom.e with irregular fpots. They are found adher- 
ing to rocks or flones in the fand, or in oyfler-beds; 
and they are obferved to ftretch out their limbs 
and mouths, in order to feize whatever touches 
the flirface of the fand where they lodge. This 
accurate obferver could eafily diflinguifh thefe 
animals from plants, by their progreiTive modon; 
by the means they employ to fecure their prey, and 
to defend themfelves ; by their deglutition, digef- 
tion, and evacuations; and alfo by the propaga- 
tion of their fpecies. He accordingly places them 
among the number of fpontaneous animals. The 
Anemonies have a furprizing power of reproduc- 
tion ; for, by many experiments, this property has 
been afcertained, which the Abbe conjeftures arifes 
from 
