C A N 
vide another habitation for her new brood. In 
the mean time, the male, more faithful to the du- 
ties of his truft, breeds up the offspring left behind^ 
and fits them for a ftate of independence. 
When the young are exckided, the old ones 
fliould be fupplied with a fufficiency of foft food 
every day; and likewife with frefh greens, fuch as 
cabbage, lettuce, and chickweed; in June with 
Ihepherd's purfe, and in July and Auguft with 
plantain. They ought never to have groundfel 
after the young are removed. With fuch delica- 
cies the old ones will be fedulous in feeding their 
young brood ; who, when arrived at a fufficient 
age, feed themfelves, and are put into cages. Their 
meat then is the yolk of an egg boiled hard, with 
an equal quantity of fine bread, and a little fcalded 
rape-feed, which muft be bruifed all together till 
they become fine, and then mixed with a little 
maw-feed; after which, all may be blended in a 
mafs, and the birds fupplied with a frefh quantity 
daily. 
Canary Birds are apt to be difordered either 
through colds, or by feeding too much on vegeta- 
bles unmixed with feed. This may be difcovered 
by blowing up their belly-feathers ; for if their bel- 
lies be fwelled, tranfparent, and full of red veins, 
■with the bowels funk down to the extreme parts of 
their bodies, they are certain figns of indifpofition. 
When thefe parts appear black, their complaints 
frequently prove mortal : in fuch cafes, however, 
the birds muft be kept warm; and oatmeal fhould be 
mixed among their feed for three or four days, with 
liquorice in their water; but if the habit of the 
birds be too lax, maw and bruifed hempfeed fliould 
be given them, with faffron in their water ; or milk 
and bread, with a little maw- feed intermixed. 
Another diftemper which frequently affedls Ca- 
nary Birds, is a little pimple in the rump called 
the pip : this will generally vanifh of itfelf ; but 
when it does not, it Ihould be pricked when ripe, 
for the purpofe of difcharging the matter lodged in 
it; after which, a bit of loaf-fugar, moiftencd in 
the mouth, fhould be applied to the lore. 
A third difeafe incident to Canary Birds con- 
fifts of a fort of yellow fcab about the head and 
eyes, which fometimes fwells, and is filled with 
matter. In fuch diftemper, the part afFe<5ted ftiould 
be anointed with frefti butter, lard, or oil of fweet 
almonds ; either of which v/ill effeft a cure. 
The moulting-time may be known by the birds 
appearing rough, melancholy and fleepy, and of- 
ten putting their heads under their wings; befides 
which fymptoms, the bottoms of their cages will 
be covered with down, or fmall feathers. At this 
time they fhould be kept warm, and placed in the 
fun, in fine bright weather. Their food fhould 
confift of Naples bifcuit, bread, and egg, mixed 
together, with faffi'on in their water; and alfo bruif- 
ed hempfeed mixed with lettuce and maw-feed. 
If the feafon be very hot, the birds fhould have li- 
quorice inftead of faffron ; and their food fliould be 
plantain and lettuce-feed. 
The Canary Bird, when kept in company with 
the linnet or goldfinch, pairs, and produces a 
mixed breed, but more like the Canary Bird, and 
refembling it principally in it's fong. Indeed, all 
this tribe, with ftrong bills and piercing notes, and 
feeding on grain, have the ftrongeft fimilitude to 
each other ; and may juftly be fuppofed, as Buffon 
imagines, to come from the fame original. They 
all breed about the fame time; they frequent the 
CAN 
fame vegetables; fhcy build in the fame hedges 
and trees; and are brought up for the cage with 
the fame food and precautions. The linnet, the 
bullfinch, and the goldfinch, when once we know 
the hiftory of the Canary Bird, have few peculiari- 
ties which can either attract our curiofity or re- 
quire our care. The only art neceffary to be prac- 
tifed tov/ards all thofe birds which have no natural 
fine note, is to breed them up under fome more 
pleafing harmonifts. The goldfinch acquires a 
more melodious note from the nightingale; and 
the linnet and the bullfinch may be taught to whif- 
tle long and regular tunes. 
CANAVAY. A Philippine fea-bird, about 
the fize of a pigeon, which lays it's eggs on the 
naked rocks, where it firs and hatches them. Some 
naturalifts have fuppofed this bird to be no other 
than the common king's fiftier ; but this is fcarcely 
probable, as we have no accounts" of the beauty of 
it's colours, which being fo veiy remarkable in 
that clafs of birds could hardly have efcaped ob- ' 
fervation. It is much more probably fome aqua- 
tic bird wholly unknown in this part of the world. 
CANCELLUS ; in Englifh, the Wrong FIeir. 
A very fmall fpecies of cray-fifti, which the French 
call hermit, or Sr. Bernard the hermit, becaufe it 
fhuns other filh, and retires into the firft fhell it 
can find. It's body is ibmewhat long, but in ge- 
neral bears a ftrong reiemblance to that of a fpi- 
der, except that it is a little thicker. It is found 
in flimy places near rocks, commonly enveloped 
in a {heW as big as a nut, of a conic figure, thick, 
very hard, rugged, furrowed, and externally grey, 
but internally white and fmooth. This fhell is fo 
well adapted to the animal, that it is difficult to 
force it from it's inclofure: fome, however, wafh, 
drefs, and eat it. It contains abundance of vola- 
tile falts, and adls both as an aperient and dilToI- 
vent. An oil extradled from it is imported from 
America, and ufed in rheumatic cafes. 
In the American iflands there is found a much 
larger fpecies of Cancelius, being three or four' 
inches long. It is called the foldier, becaufe it 
poffefiTes, and fortifies itfelf in, an extraneous fliell. 
As it's natural covering leaves it's hinder parts na- 
ked, it employs itfelf, as foon as it has acquired fuf- 
ficient ftrength, in fearching out another proporti- 
oned to it's fize, into which it thrufts it's pofteriors, 
and adjufts itfelf; but, when it grows larger, and 
finds itfelf confined, it is obliged from time to time 
to go in fearch of other fhelis. To the curious, it is 
amufing enough to obferve how tliis animal ftops 
at all the fhelis it meets with, in order to confider 
them ; and, whenever it finds one fit for it's pur- 
pofe, how it quits it's own, and crouds into it's 
new tenement v/ith precipitation, as if afham.ed of 
being naked: and if two of thefe creatures arc. 
ftripped at one time, for the pui-pofe of entering 
the fame fhell, they fight till the weakeft is com- 
pelled to fubmit. 
The inhabitants of the American coafts filh for 
them, ftring them up by their heads, and expofe 
them to the fun, which melts all except their folid 
parts. The dilToived fubftance, or oil, is efteemed 
excellent in rheumatifms, to which the natives are 
very fub]e(5l. 
CANCER. The claffical name for the crab. 
CANCROMA. A genus of birds of the or- 
der of grallae; having gibbous beaks, and their up- 
per mandibles fhaped like boats turned upwards. 
LinnEUs reckons tv/o fpecies, the cochlearia, and 
the 
