CAR 
CAR 
quite fo tall as the moofe-deer, and is in fhape more 
like the afs than that animal. The tongue is 
efteemed a peculiar delicacy. The Caribou is 
amazingly fwift ; and has a fort of large, flat hoofs, 
furniflied with very fhort hair between the divi- 
fions, which prevent it from finking in thefnow, on 
which it runs as fleetly as on firm ground. 
Some think that this animal has a refemblance 
to the rein-deer of Laplandj though the horns are 
very diffimilar, efpecially in thofe which haunt the 
woods. The carcajou is an implacable enemy to 
this creature, and accordingly perfecutes it on all 
polTible occafions. 
CARIGOY. An appellation by which fome 
authors have defcribed a very fingular animal, a 
native of America, more ufually known by the 
name of opoflTum. 
CARP. One of the naturalized fiflh of this 
ifland, which was imported into it by Leonard 
Mafchal about the year 15 14; and is the moil va- 
luable of all kinds of fifh for the flocking of ponds, 
becaufe of it's quick growth and prodigious In- 
creafe. If the breeding and feeding of Carp were 
better underftood and more frequently pra6lifed, 
the advantages would be very great, and fifli-ponds 
no longer be deemed expenfive. The fale of Carp 
Gonftitutes a part of the revenue of the nobility and 
gentry in Pruffia, Pomerania, Brandenburgh, Sax- 
ony, Bohemia, Mechlenburg, and Holftein. 
In order to reap every defirable advantage from 
this fiih, particular attention fhould be paid to the 
foil, water, and fituation of the Carp-pond : the moft 
eligible ponds are thofe which are furrounded by 
the fineft paftures or corn-fields of a rich black 
mould, having foft fprings or running water on 
the fpot, neither too cold, nor impregnated with 
acid, calcareous, felenitic, or other mineral parti- 
cles. The water, indeed, may be foftened by ex- 
pofing it to the air and the fun in a refervoir, or by 
forming an open channel for it at fome diftance 
from the pond. The fifh likewife fliould be fl:iel- 
tered from eafterly and northerly winds, and be 
only expofed to the full influence of the fun. 
Experience has evinced that it is mofl: convenient 
to have three kinds of ponds for Carp; namely, 
the fpawning-pond, the nurfery-pond, and the 
main-pond. The firft fhould be well cleared of 
every other fpecies of fifli, efpecially thofe of the ra- 
pacious kind, be plentifully fupplied with foft wa- 
ter, and have a warm expofure. A pond of the 
extent of one acre requires three or four male Carp, 
and fix or eight females ; and fo in proportion for 
every additional acre. The beft breeding Carp 
are thofe which are five, fix, or feven years old, 
with full fcales, fine full eyes, and long bodies 
v/ithout any vifible defe6ts; and the pond fhould 
be flocked towards the end of IVIarch or begin- 
ning of April. Carp fpawn in May, June, or 
July, according to the warmth of the feafon; and 
for this purpofe they fwim to a fhady, warm, fhel- 
tered place, where they gently rub their bodies 
againft the fandy ground, grafs, or oziers, and by 
this preffure the milt ifllies out. The young fry, 
hatched from the fpawn by the genial influence of 
the fun, fhould be left in this pond throughout the 
whole fummer, and even the fucceeding winter, if 
the water be fufficiently deep to prevent their fuf- 
focation under the ice during a fevere one; other- 
wife the breeders and the fry fhould be put into fe- 
.parate ponds more commodious for their brumal 
habitations. 
The fecond kind of ponds are the nurferies into 
which the young fifh fhould be removed in March 
or April, on a fine calm day, about the proportion 
of a thoufand to a pond of one acre. Vv^hen they 
are firfl put in, they fliould be well Watched, and 
driven from the fides of the pond, leil: they become 
the prey of rapacious birds ; and in the fpace of 
two years they will grow to the weight of four, 
five, and fometimes fix pounds. 
The main-ponds fhould be flocked with fuch 
fi.fli as are each about one foot in length, head and 
tail included. Every fquare of fifteen feet is fuf- 
ficient for one Carp; and it is imiverfilly allowed, 
that their growth depends on the room, as well as 
the quantity of food allowed them. The befl fea- 
Ibns for flocking tlie main-ponds are thofe of fpring 
and autumn, when the fifli continue to grow for a 
confiderable time. 
Carp are generally very long lived; and Gefner 
makes mention of one which was an hundred years 
old. They alfo grow to a very great fize; and in 
this country Ibme have been caught which weighed 
twenty pounds. Jovius fays that, in the Lacus 
Larius, they are fometimes found of the weight of 
two hundred pounds; and Rzaczynfl<i mentions 
fome which were caught in the Dnilfter of the 
length of five feet. Carp are extremely tenacious 
of life, and will exifl feparate from their natural 
element for a confiderable time. Experiments of 
this kind have been made, by placing them in nets, 
well wrapped up in wet mops, their mouths only 
remaining uncovered ; and then lianging them up 
in a cellar, or fome other cool place, feeding them 
at intervals with white bread and milk, and fre- 
quently plunging them into water. Carp, thus 
managed, have been known not only to have lived 
above a fortnight, but to grow exceedingly fat, and 
far fuperior in tafle to thofe which were recently 
killed from the pond. 
The Carp, as has been previoufly obferved, is 
a prodigious breeder; and it's quantity of roe has 
fometimes been fo great, that when taken out and 
weighed againft the fifh itfelf, the former has been 
found to preponderate. From this fpawn, caviare 
is made for tlic Jews, who hold the flurgeon in ab- 
horrence. 
Thefe fifh are excefilvely cunning, and on that 
account are by fovne fiiled river-foxes. They 
fometimes leap over che nets, and by that means 
efcape ; and at others, they immerfe themfelves fo 
deep in the mud, that the net pafTes over them. 
They are alfo very fhy of taking a bait ; though 
at fpawning-times they are fo very fimple, that they 
fuffer themfelves to be tickled, handled, and caught 
with facility. They have been obferved to mix 
their milts with the roes of other fifh, from which 
a fpurious breed is produced. 
The Carp is of a thick figure ; the fcales are very 
large; and, when in full feafon, of a fine gilded hue. 
The jaws are of equal lengths; and there are two 
teeth in the jaws, or on the tongue; but at the en- 
trance of the gullet, both above and below, there 
are certain bones, which a6l on each other, and 
comminute the food before it pafTes into the flo- 
mach. On each fide of the mouth there is a fin- 
gle beard; and above thefe, on each fide, there is 
another, but fhorter. The dorfal fin extends far 
towards the tail, which is flightly bifurcated; the 
third ray of the dorfa^ fin is very ftrong, and armed 
with fharp teeth pointing downwards; and the third 
ray of the anal fin is of a fimilar conftruflion. 
CARPIONE. A name given by Salvian to 
the Ml called by other writers carpio lacus Benaci. 
It 
