C H L 
covered with pale hairs, and variegated with adead 
yellow; the body is of a tawny brown, divided by 
dufky rings, and covered with Ihort, firm, whitirfi 
hairs, which the animal can ere6t at pleafure ; the 
legs are of a dufky brown, ftrong-jointed, and fur- 
nifhed with forked, hard, horny toes, having fome 
ftiff hairs on them. The wings are of a pale dufky 
yellow, their ribs being beautifully jointed, and 
evidently hollow; and the fcales, which conftitute 
what are called the hairs, or feathery fubftances, 
are very numerous, narrow, and lharp, both at 
their edges and points. 
This little animal lives in the hollows of the 
flowers of plants, like the ftraw-coloured Chinch; 
and feems calculated to do at leaft as much 
mifchief, being equally as minute, more covered 
with hairs or fhort briftles, and to all appearance, 
both from it's ftrufture and motions, able to drive 
them into the tender membranes of the brain v/ith 
more force. It leads an erratic life, wandering 
from flower to flower; however, it fhews a predilec- 
tion for thofe which are fweeteft. The damafk rofe, 
the flock July-flower, and the wall-flower, are often 
covered with thefe infeds; nor do they difdain the 
lupine and the pea. 
How far head-aches may be attributed to thefe 
little creatures, is a fubjecft which has as yet been 
but imperfectly inveftigated. Certain, however, 
it is, that many feel this complaint after fmelling 
n.ofegays ; and fome have died of the efFecfts pro- 
duced from large quantities of violets and other 
flowers lodged in their chambers. Phyficians, in- 
deed, have afcribed the deaths of many of their fub- 
jefts to the powerful odours of thefe plants; but it 
is much more probable that they originated from 
thefe infefls. 
CHINESE FISH. This fifli is of a round 
figure, and about a fpan long; has a head like an 
eel, fmall eyes, and a long tail ; and is green on 
the back, and white on the belly. It is a frefli- water 
fifh; and is efteemed falubrious when caught in 
running ftreams, but ctherwife when taken in ponds 
and fl:agnant waters. 
CHITON. A genus of multivalve fliells, the 
inhabitant of which is the doris. The fliell is 
plated, and confiflrs of many parts, lying tranfverfely 
on each other. The fpecies are numerous ; but the 
following are found on the Britifh coaflis. 
Chiton, Hairy. This fpecies has feven valves; 
and is thick-fet with fliort hairs. The fliell is 
five-eighths of an inch long. 
Chiton, Marginated. This animal is found 
on the coafts of Yorkfliire. The fliell is compofed 
of eight valves ; and the margin is ferrated and 
refledled. 
Chiton, Smooth. This fpecies is found on 
feveral parts of the Caledonian fliores. The fliell 
confiils of eight valves, entirely fmooth; with a 
longitudinal mark along the back, which is a lit- 
tle elevated. It's fize is equal to that of a wood- 
loufe. 
CHIUREA. An appellation given by Cardan, 
Oviedo, and fome other authors, to the opofl"um. 
CHLOREUS. A name given by fome natura]ifl:s 
to die common yellow-hammer, or emberiza lutea. 
The term Chloreus is alfo ufed by many of 
the earlier writers to exprefs the galbula, a very 
elegant and beautiful bird of the thrufli kind, al- 
moft entirely of a yellow colour. 
CHLORIS. A bird commonly called in Eng- 
land the green-finch, a well known warbler, of the 
fize of a fparrow, and remarkable for it's green co- 
lour, as well as for the largenefs of it's beak, Irs 
which refpeil it approaches to the coccothrauftes. 
It builds in hedges, and feeds on the feeds of ve- 
getables. 
CHOEROGRYLLUS. See Hedge-Hog. 
. CHOIROS. An Ariftotelian appellation for 
the cernua, or acerina, of the Latins ; in Eng- 
lifli, the rufi'ee. This fifli has received a variety of 
names; but it is properly a fpecies of perch; and 
is diftinguiflied by Artedi from the others of that 
genus under the title of the perch with only one 
fin on the back and a cavernous head. 
CHONDROPTERYGII. A Linnaean term 
for one of the great clafies or families of fifhes ; 
the characters of which are, that the rays of the 
bones are not finny, but cartilaginous; that the bones 
of the"bodyare alfo cartilaginous; and that the mouth 
in the generality of the fpecies, is placed in the lower 
part of the body. The name is derived from Clion- 
dros, a Cartilage; and Pterugion, Fin, or Wing. 
CHOUGH, CORNISH. This bird, which 
appears to be of the magpie kind, is about feven- 
teen inches long, and thirty-three broad, when 
the wings are extended. It weighs about twelve 
or thirteen ounces; and is almofl; as large as the 
crow, and nearly of the fame fliape. The bill, 
legs, and feet, are red ; but the feathers all over the 
body are blaclc. It is remarkable for the uncom- 
mon fofcnefs of it's modulations v/hen it applies 
for food to thofe who ufually carefs it; and equally 
remarkable for it's frightful fliriek when any 
ftrange objeCt approaches it. It is ufually kept 
about houfes in Cornwall; where it becomes tame 
like the raven or magpie, and is equally mif- 
chievous, delighting in purloining inoney, or any 
fplcndid bauble which comes in it's way. In it's 
wild flrate, it is very apprehenfive of danger; and 
accordingly builds it's nefl: in the moft inacceflible 
cliffs, and in the middle of the fteepefl: rocks. 
When tamed, it is very amufing, docile, regular, and 
conftant to the habits it acquires. It goes early to 
roofi:; and, during tempeftuous weather, generally 
takes fheker in fome unfrequented place ; but, in 
a mild and ferene feafon, it fits either on the ridges 
of houfes, or ftruts about on the ground in a very 
fliately manner. 
Aldrovandus thinks that this bird is peculiar to 
the Alps ; but it is alfo found in Crete, Ireland, 
and W ales, as well as in the county of Cornwall. 
CHOUX. A name given by fome naturalifiis 
to a fpecies of fliell-fifli of the cordiform or bu- 
cardium kind. Fabius Columna has defcribed it 
in a very elegant manner; and Lifter has exhibited 
a double reprefentation of it. See Heart-Shells. 
CHREMPS. The Grecian name of the fifh 
called chromis by naturalifts. It is a fpecies of the 
Iparus; and is diftinguifhed by Artedi under the 
name of the fparus with the fecond ray of the belly- 
fins very long. 
CHRISTOPHORUS PISCIS. Anamefome- 
times given to the faber; or, as it is generally called;, 
the gilded fifh. %► 
CHROMIS. A fmall fifli caught in the Medi- 
terranean, feldom exceeding three inches in length, 
of a moderate thicknefs, and of aduflcy brown co- 
lour. Artedi, who accurately examined this ani- 
mal, does not allow it a diftinCt generical name, 
but makes it only a fpecies of his genus of Ipari, 
ftiling it the fparus with the fecond ray of each 
belly-fin carried to an extreme length. 
Chromis is alfo a name ufed by Bellonius to ex- 
prefs a large fifli caught in the Mediterranean, 
more 
