c o c 
COD 
the eye is a yellowifli red; the bill is white" tipped 
with yellow; and the vent is white barred with 
crimfon. The creft is white, except a few feathers 
underneath, which ferve as a fpring to fupport it 
when ereftcd ; and the reft of the plumage is of the 
fame colour, with a yellowifh tint towards the 
quill-ends of the feathers. 
COCKLE. A bivalve fhell, nearly equilateral 
and equivalve. The animal is a tethys ; and there 
are two teeth, one on each fide of the beak. Of 
the Cockle there are various fpecies; which, how- 
ever, may all be comprehended under the follow- 
ing, viz. articulate, multarticulate, heart, truncated, 
and fquare Cockles. 
Cockle, Aculeated. This fliell has high ribs 
diverging from the hinge to the edges; each rib is 
furrowed in the middle, and, near the circumfe- 
rence, befet with large, ftrong, and hollowed pro- 
ceffes. One fide of the fliell projefts farther than 
the other, and forms an angle. This variety, which 
is as large as a man's lift, is found near the Weftei-n 
and Orkney iflands ; and the colour is a yellov/ifn 
brown. 
Cockle, Echinated. This fhell is lefs than 
the preceding, being little more than fix inches in 
circumference ; the ribs, which are only fixteen in 
number, are echinated higher up ; and die colour 
is white. 
Cockle, EiJiBLE. This fnell has twenty-eigjit 
deprefTed ribs, tranfverfely Itriated ; and is found on 
all fandy coafts, lodged a little beneath the furface, 
the fituation being generally indicated by a de- 
preiTed fpot. 
Cockle, Fringed. The colour of tJiis fliell is 
pure white; it is of a very brittle nature, having 
eighteen ribs rifing into thinner fpines; and it's fize 
is no larger than that of a hazel-nut. 
Cockle, Smooth. The figure of this fhell is 
fuboval, and fomewhat deprefiTed ; the colour is a 
deep brown with faint longitudinal ftrisE; and a 
few tranfverfal, concealed by a fine epidermis. It 
meafures about fix inches and a half in circumfe- 
rence. 
COCK-ROACH. An infcft of the beetle kind, 
very m.ifchicvous in warm climates, but efpecially 
on board of fliips. Catefby, in his Hiftory of Ca- 
rolina, mentions a particular fpecies under the 
name of blatta maxima fufca peltata, which has 
been accurately defcribed by the ingenious Ed- 
wards under the appellation of the Greater Cock- 
Roach. The head is covered with a kind of fliield, 
of a light brown colour round it's borders, and 
black in the middle, from which proceed two other 
fhields of the fame brown colour, and duf!<:y in 
their centres, covering part of the upper fide of 
the body, and exhibiting the appearance of fliort 
wings. The abdomen, or lower part of the body, 
which is of a reddilh brown, and compofed of 
eight annulations, is very flat, and ferrated on it's 
fides. The head, which is black, is only feen 
from beneath ; but the eyes are brown. The horns 
are nearly two inches long; the legs, which are 
fix in number, are of a reddifh brown colour, 
each confifting of three joints, thofe next the body 
being fmooth; tlie middle joints are befet with 
fharp prickles; the exterior ones of the feet are 
rough and hairy ; and there are two fliarp claws at 
their extremities. 
COCOI. A very beautiful Brazilian bird of 
the ardea kind, about the fize of the common ftork, 
the fleih of which is deliciouQy agreeable to the 
palate. 
COCROTALEON. An animal generated be- 
tween the hysena and the lionefs, and fo called by 
the ancients. This creature is defcribed as pof- 
feffing many qualities peculiar to the mantichoraj 
and, according to fome naturalifts, is only another 
name for the fame animal. It is likewife called 
leocrocotta; and fometimes fimply crocotta, or cor- 
cotta. 
COD. The largefi: of the genus of afeili, called 
by authors afellus maximus, and fometimes afellus 
varius, five fi:riatus: but, according to Artedi, it is 
a fpecies of the gadus; and is diftinguiflied from 
others of that genus by having a beard at the mouth, 
the fuperior jaw longer than the inferior, and an 
unfurcated tail. 
Tliefe fifli inhabit only the northern parts of the 
world, and appear to be confined between the lati- 
tudes fifty and fixty-fix ; thofe which are caught on 
either fide of thefe limits being few in number, 
and very indiff^erent in quality. 
Immenfe quantities of Cod-fifh are found on the 
banks of Newfoundland, and the fand-banks which 
lie off the coafts of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and 
New England; and it is probable that they refort 
thither on account of the vaft quantities of worms 
produced in thefe fandy bottoms. Another caufe 
of their particular attachment to thefe fpots, is their 
vicinity to the polar feas, whither they refort for 
the purpofe of fpawning. 
The Cod-banivs of Newfoundland are a fort of 
fubmarine mountains. One of them is defervedly 
called the Great Bank, as it extends four hundred 
and fifty miles in length, and upwards of one hun- 
dred in breadth: it lies about feventy-five miles 
from the iOand of Newfoundland, in North Ame- 
rica; and the largeft, beft-flavoured, and fatteft 
Cod, are found on it's fouth fide, thofe on the 
north being in every refpeft inferior. The feafon 
for catching them on this bank is from the com- 
mencement of February to the beginning of May. 
Thofe which are caught in May and June will keep 
tolerably well; but fuch as are taken in July, Au- 
guft, and September, unlefs extraordinary precau - 
tion is ufed, quickly fpoil. Sometimes, indeed^ 
this fifliery ceafes in a month or fix weeks; but, at 
others, it lafts more than half a year. 
On the approach of Lent, the fifliermen haften 
home, though diey have not compleated half their 
cargo, in order to attend the markets, v/hich at that 
feafon are very advantageous. Sometimes, how- 
ever, they eff^e6l a fecond voyage before others have 
colle6ted a fufficient cargo for the firft. The Cod 
are all taken with lines and hooks baited with the 
entrails of their own fpecies, a fmall fifii called ca- 
pelin, and a fliell-fifh named chams ; and an expert 
fifnerman frequently catches four or five hundred 
in a day. 
There are abundance of Cod-fifn on the fouth 
and weft coafts of Iceland, but very few are found 
on the north. They are likewife caught in great 
plenty on the coafts of Norway, in the Baltic, and 
off" the Orkneys and Weftern Ifies; beyond which 
latitudes their numbers gradually decreafe as they 
advance towards the fouth ; and before reaching 
the Straits of Gibraltar, they totally difappear. 
Previous to the difcovery of Newfoundland, the 
principal fiftieries of Cod centered in the feas of 
Iceland and the Hebrides, which were the grand 
refort of ftiips of all commercial nations; but the 
greateft abundance was found near Iceland. This 
very evidently appears from the circumftance of 
Queen Elizabeth's foliciting permifTion of Chrif- 
3 A tian 
